英语词性的分类及用法详解

1、英语词性的分类及用法,词类又叫词性，英语单词根据其在句子中的 功用，可以分十个大类。,名词的概念,专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词 . 构等专有的名称，如Beijing， China, the United States,等。 普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词),名词的概念,普通名词又可分为下面四类： 1）个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun 2）集体名词：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如:family (以上两类属于可数名词) 3）物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如:air 4）抽象名词：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念，如：work (以上两类属于不可数名词),名词复数的规则变化,其它名词复数的规则变化,1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直 接加s变复数： 如：two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo-

2、photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos； b. 加es，如：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes 3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs； b. 去f, fe 加-ves，如：half-halves knife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves；,名词复数的不规则变化,1）child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 2）单复同形如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。,名词复数的不规则变化,如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a po

3、liceman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。 4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。news 是不可数名词。,要点考点聚焦,flower,flowers,找规律,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf - leaves,box,es,NOUN.,要点考点聚焦,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,heroes,NOUN.,不规则变化,child-children,woman-women,deer,sheep,man-men,goose-geese,NOUN.,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_. Awoman;children Bwoman;child Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school f

4、rom here？ Not very farIts about twenty walk.（2000杭州） Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3. There are three in my family. (2004长春） A.people B. person C. child 4. Most students can go to college for further in our city. A. education B. information C.science 5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much. A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes,典型例题解析,C,C,A,A,B,NOUN.,根据所给单词的正确形式填空： 1. Different people may have different _. (idea) 2. I often go to work on . (foot) 3. I know one of the . (bo

5、y) 4. Mr. Brown is wearing a pair of . (glass) 5. Please give them their . (photo) 6. Are there any in the box? (watch) 7. There are twelve in a year. (month) 8. Would you like some ? (tomato) 9. Look at those in the boats! (people) 10. Look! The are singing. (woman) 11. September 10th is Day. (teacher) 12. Jim has some . (knife) 13. How much are these ? (vegetable) 14. My school is twenty _ walk from here. (minute) 15. The girl under the tree is a friend of_. (Lucy),ideas,foot,boys,glasses,phot

6、os,watches,months,tomatoes,people,women,Teachers,knives,vegetables,minutes,Lucys,NOUN.,代词,代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,通常，主格作主语,宾格作宾语 通常，当单数的主格作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复 数的的主格作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 Eg. He is my friend. Its me. They are from China. She lent me a book. I love it. Are you interested in them?,二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表,通常，形容词性物主代词相当形容词的用法，应该位

7、于名词的前面；名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词，之后不接名词。 Eg. I like his car. Our school is here and theirs is there. This is your picture. And that is mine.,三、 指示代词表示“那个“、“这个“、“这些“、“那些“等指示概念的代词。,Eg. That is a good idea. I love those book in blue. These people are my friends.,四、自身代词，也称为“反身代词“表示“我自己“、“你自己“、“他自己“、“我们自己“、“你们自己“和“他们自己“等的代词。,反身代词的用法,1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)： The box itself is not so heavy. You said it yourself. 2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)： Take good care of yourself. 3. 用作表语 The poor boy was myself.,五、 表

8、示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。,We should love each other. Tom and Betty are friends, so they always help each other. Our students learn one another.,eg. I want something hot. Do you need some coffee? There is nothing good. All of you are students.,六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，every-，no-加上body，one，thing的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,七、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词，

9、引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）,What are you? Who is his coat? Whose bag is this? Which do you prefer? The blue one or the white one? Could you tell me what is his name? Mother asked which one I wanted.,八、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。,He is the man whom you have been looking for. I hope I can find a job that I can devote myself to. This is the book whose covering is old. That is the same food as you want.,1.He shouted louder to the runners, but he still couldnt make _ heard. A. him B. himself C. them D. themselves 2.There are flowers and trees on _ sides of the river. A. every B. both C. either D. all 3.She has three good friends. One is a doctor; _ are teachers of Chinese. A. another B

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