初级中学定语从句详解及其练习附答案
10页1、定语从句详解及练习附答案第一部分:基础知识(一)定语从句概述定语可以由形容词,代词,数词,名词,不定式,介词短语来充当。如果是一个句子担任定语,那么这个句子就叫做定语从句,又可称为形容词性从句。定语从句通常修饰某一名词或代词,被定语从句修饰的这一名词或代词叫先行词,它位于定语从句之前,定语从句在先行词后面,应尽量紧跟先行词。定语从句的作用即在于对先行词进行限定说明或补充说明。(二)定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词分为两类,关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose )和关系副词( when, where, why ),引导词在先行词和定语从句之间,既起连接作用,即连接先行词和定语从句,更重要的是,它又在定语从句中作一个成分。(三)关系代词1. that 指人,物,在从句中作主语,宾语,表语。 This is the photo that I took in the country. He is the singer that I met yesterday.2. which 指物,在从句中作主语,宾语,在非限定定语从句中充当定语,或者代替前句The film
2、 which we saw last night was moving.3. who 指人,在从句中作主语,宾语。The person who visited our classroom yesterday was our new headmaster.The man who you just talked to is Tom.4. whom 指人,在从句中作宾语。 That is the professor whom you want to know.5. whose 指人,物,在从句中作定语,相当于先行词+ s, 后接一名词。 I know the boy whose parents are dead. I dont like those cities whose roads are dirty.注:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。(四)关系副词 关系副词在从句中作状语,有时相当于介词+which,其中which指代先行词不可以指示整个句子。when 指时间,在从句中作时间状语,相当于at/ on/ in/ during which.Ill never forget the da
3、y when (on which ) I reached the top of the Huangshan Mountain.where 指地点,在从句中作地点状语,相当于at/ in / to/ which.This is the school where( at which ) I studied.why 指原因,在从句中作原因状语,相当于for which.Thats the real reason why (for which ) he was late.第二部分:关系代词的特殊用法 关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况:1 . 先行词为something ,anything ,nothing ,everything以及all , much , little , a lot , none , few 等不定代词时。Eg: My mother was so proud of all that I didt2 . 先行词有the last , the very , the only以及all , much , few , no , any ,little等修饰时。e.
4、g. This is the very book that Im looking for .3 . 先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。 e.g. This is the most exciting film that Ive ever seen . When people talk about Hangzhou , the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake .4 . the same 修饰先行词时 , 定语从句要用that 或as引导 , 但意义不同。 e.g. This is the same watch as I lost last Sunday . (表示相同但并非同一) This is the same knife that I used yesterday . (表示就是那个)6 . There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导 , 不用which 。 e.g. Theres a seat in the corner that is still free . 7 . 句子前面出现了who , whic
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