外科学脊柱骨折与脊髓损伤(英文)
104页1、Spine Fracture and Spinal Cord Injuries,Introduction,Incidence :5%6% in all bone fractures Etiology Falling Hit Traffic accident Supplement : normal adult ; primary injuries,Thoracic and lumbar spinal fracture and dislocation,Part 1:,Anatomy,Ligament and disc,Three column theory,A,M,P,Clinical classification,according to Injury mechanism -Flexion-distraction common 80-90% -Extension-distraction rare -Rotation -Compression (flexion or vertical ),Radiology of spinal fractures,Vertical compression,
2、Radiology of spinal fractures,Flexion compression,Which type of fracture is?,Chance Fracture,Distraction Fracture,Cervical spine fracture and dislocation,Part II:,1. Bifid spinous process of C3 2. Superimposed articular processes 3. Uncinate processes 4. Air filled trachea 5. Transverse process of C7 6. Transverse process of T1 7. 1st rib 8. Clavicle,Radiological anatomy,1. Anterior arch of the atlas 2. Dens of axis 3. Posterior arch of the atlas 4. Soft palate 5. Root of the tongue 6. Transvers
3、e process 7. Intervertebral disc 8. Inferior articular process 9. Superior articular process 10. Zygapophyseal (facet) joint 11. Spinous process of C7 2nd-7th: The bodies of 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae,Anatomy of C1-C2,Classification,1 Upper cervical spinal fracture-dislocation(C1-C2,2 Lower cervical spinal fracture-dislocation (C3C7),Atlas(C1) vertebral fracture,Jefferson fracture,Atlantoaxial dislocation,Axial(C2) vertebral Fr.,Hangman fracture,Odontoid fracture,Lower cervical fracture-dislo
4、cation,Compression-flexion fr Dislocation of the facets Cervical extension injuries,Bilateral dislocation,Unilateral dislocation,Spinous process fracture(C7,T1,T2,Distraction-extension Fr,Stability of the fracture,Stable spinal injury: Movement of the patient causes minimal or no risk of producing or aggravating neural injury.(usually 1 column involved) Unstable spinal injury: Spinal canal is unable to maintain normal relationships under physiologic conditions usually 2 or 3 columns involved),3-
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