高考英语语法复习专题：第五章情态动词和虚拟语气1

1、,Modal Verb II,Unit 2,should 和ought to 都为“应该”的意思， 可用于各种人称。ought to 的语气稍重 一些。 You ought to (should) follow your teachers advice.,ought toshould,表示主语的义务或责任： You should take care of your sister. 你应当去照顾。 或指出一个正确、明智的动作： They shouldnt allow parking here；the street is too narrow 这儿不该允许停车；马路太窄了。,should 和ought to 后面跟动词不定式的完成式, 其肯定句表示”过去应该做而未做”, 其否定句则表示”过去不该做但做了”。 You should/ought to have made the decision a week ago. I shouldnt have made such a foolish mistake.,注意,must的用法 1. 表示主观的义务和必要, 主要用于肯定句和疑问句, 意思为

2、“必须，得，要”；由must 引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to, 否定回答要用neednt或dont have to, 意思是“不必” ； must的否定形式mustnt表示,禁止，意思是“不能, 不许”。如： Must I finish the task right now? 我现在必须完成这个工作吗？ Yes, you must. / Yes, you have to. 是的。 (No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to. 不, 不必。),have to 的用法 1. must表示一种主观的需要，而have to 表示一种客观的需要，意思是 “不得不”。 如： I have to attend an important meeting this afternoon. 今天下午我不得不参加一个重要的会议。,Mother is out, so I have to look after the shop. 妈妈不在家，因此我不得不照看商店。 2. have to 的否定形式是dont have to, 相当于neednt。如： The

3、y dont have to buy a computer at present. 他们目前没有必要买电脑。,情态动词 (+动词原形),行为动词,.,need,dare,1.无人称和数的变化;,2.尤其用于：,*否定句及疑问句中;,*在if/whether之后;,*或与hardly, never, no one, nobody连用;,3.常以neednt 和darent 的形式出现;,4.dare有其过去时dared.,多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do need to be done need doing,注意对need问句的回答: -Need I finish the work today? -Yes, _. No, _. No, _.,you must,you neednt,you dont have to,neednt 对其它情态动词的回答: -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you _. -Must we do it now? -No, you _.,neednt (dont have to),neednt

4、 (dont have to),dare可用实意动词和情态动词，用作情态动词时，意思是“敢”，其后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句。如： Dare you tell her the truth？ 你敢告诉她事实真相吗？ I dont know whether he dare try. 我不知他是否敢试一试。 I darent ask her for a rise. 我不敢要求她加薪。,dare用作实意动词时意为“敢于”，可以有各种词形变化，可用于各类句型（肯定句、否定句、疑问句及各类从句等），其后多接带 to 的不定式，有时 to 也可省去（尤其是在否定句或疑问句），可用于非谓语形式，完成时态等。如： We must dare to think, speak and act. 我们必须敢想、敢说、敢做。 I wonder how he dares (to) say such things. 我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。,情态动词dare可以有过去式dared，但也可以直接用dare表示过去式，或后接动词完 成式。如： That wa

5、s why he dared do so. 那就是他为什么敢这样做的原因。 Mother dare(d) not tell father shed given away his old jacket. 母亲不敢告诉父亲她把他的旧上衣送人了。,dare的过去式问题,dare后通常不接动词的进行式。,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.,These dishes need be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully. These dishes need cleaning carefully.,判断正误:,How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He dar

6、ent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,表示推测情态动词的重要用法,+ V. 常见 must be,+ V./+ be doing,+ have done,+ V.,must,may/might,+ V./+ be doing,+ have + done,可以用not表示“可能不”,cant/ couldnt,can/could,+ V./+ be doing,+V.,+ have done,+ V.,+ V./+ be doing,+ have done,在不表示推测的情态动词中, 我们要注意以下方面的问题:,1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。 2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法。 3. shall 和 will 的多种意义的区别。 4. 情态动词短语的使用。 5. 虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。,表示能力: can, could, be able to be able to 能用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。 was / were able to 设法做成某事 相当于 managed to do

7、sth. succeeded in doing sth.,1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。,表示许可: may / might, can / could might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑 问句。 can, may 表达的语言比较随便。 在以could, might 表示征询对方意见 或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may。,2. 表示否定的情态动词的用法:,mustnt 不准; 禁止 neednt 没必要 ( = dont have to ) cant 不能; 不可能 may not 不可以; 可能不 shouldnt 不应该 ( = ought not to ),部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。,不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列： He is at home. (事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断） He could be at home.（很可能） He ought to be at home.（很可能） He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许, 非

8、常不确定） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家） He isnt at home.（事实）,3. 情态动词shall, will 的多种意义:,shall / will+ 动词原形:,shall 可表示必须、命令、警告或征询意见。,will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句中表示请求和建议。,均可表示将来。 过去时为 should, would。,4. 情态动词短语的使用:,would like to do would rather do would rather + 从句 would prefer to do. had better do.,5. 用于虚拟语气的情态动词:,should might could would neednt ought to,I thought you _like something to read, so I have brought some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must,单选,2. Where is my pen? I _

9、it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost,3. I didnt hear the phone. I _asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been,4.-Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may,5. It has been announced that candidates(候选人) _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall,6.-I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. -It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be,

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