8.精品-冠词的特指、独指和类指的用法

1、高中英语语法通霸1. 冠词的特指、独指和类指指的用法3考点1. 定冠词的特指用法定冠词的特指用法：非常明确地指出何人或何物，相当于汉语中的“这个/那个；这些/那些”，可以分为前照应特指、后照应特指和语境特指。A. 前照应特指名词带有后置定语来修饰限定这个名词，表明这个名词是特定的某一个。冠词在前面与后面的描述照应。如：This is the book you lent me yesterday. 这就是你昨天借给我的那本书。This is the boy from England. 这就是来自英国的那个男孩。1. 【2015重庆】I just heard_ bank where Dora works was robbed by_ gunman wearing a mask.A. the; / B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the2. 【2014陕西】_ village where I was born has grown into _ town.A. The; a B. A; the C. The; theD. A; aB. 后照应特指第一次提到某物某人时用不定冠词，

2、再次提到该人该物时用定冠词。冠词在后面与前面相照应。如：I bought a book yesterday. The book cost me 20 yuan.3. This is _ egg. _ egg is big.A. a; AB. an; AnC. a; TheD. an; The4. There is _ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; TheB. a; AC. the; AD. a; TheC. 语境特指不是建立在上下文的照应关系上，而是建立在谈话双方共有的知识上。如：Open the door. 把门打开。Where is the book？那本书在哪里？5. 【2011山东】Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant. A. /; theB. a; theC. the; aD. /; a6. 【2006北京】I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over _ k

3、eyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; / B. the; aC. a; /D. a; a7. 【2008江西】I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; aB. the; theC. /; /D. /; a考点2. 独指：指世上独一无二的事定冠词的独指用法：世界上独一无二的事物前，要用定冠词。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky, the universe, etc.8. We can see _ sun and _ moon in _ picture. A. a; the; theB. the; a; theC. a; the; aD. the; the; the9. Its _ pleasure

4、 to see _ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; /B. a; /; /C. a; the; theD. /; the; the考点3. 类指A. 可数名词表示类指时，有三种情况A horse is a domestic（dmestIk家养的）animal.= The horse is a domestic animal.= Horses are domestic animals.但是这三种类指方法各有侧重：the指的是整个类别，这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的 (多用于谈论发明物和科技问题)。如：The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not. 罗盘是在中国发明的，但计算机不是。a(n)侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如：A cat has four legs. 猫有四条腿。不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。如：Children usually start walking at around one year old.小孩儿一般一岁左右开始走路。Do you like ho

5、rses? 你喜欢马吗？(不能说Do you like a horse?)在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. 虎有灭绝的危险。(不能说“A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.”。濒临灭绝指的是整个虎类，而不是任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险。)10. _ are very popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it that invented _ telephone?A. The telephone; / B. Telephone; aC. The telephones; the D. Telephones; the11. _ trains are faster than _ buses.A. /; /B. The; /C. /; theD. The; a12. 【2012江西】The Smiths dont like staying at _ hote

6、ls, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; aB. the; theC. /; the D. the; a13. 【2011全国I】 It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man. A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; /14. In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; aB. a; /C. the; theD. a; the15. 【2009北京】 The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; aC. a; theD. the; a B.

7、不可数名词泛指时不用冠词，特指时用定冠词Water is a liquid. 水是液体。Music is an art. 音乐是艺术。The water in the bottle goes bad. 瓶子里的那些水变坏了。16. Since he has no sense of _ humor, Im sure he didnt catch _ humor in your remarks. A. /; theB. a; theC. a; /D. the; a17. It is known to all that _ light travels faster than _ sound. A. /; / B. a; aC. the; theD. the; /18. 【2008湖南】Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A. the; the B. /; theC. the; /D. /; /C. 抽象名词前不用冠词可以表示概念在可数名词中，如go to school“去上学”，名词前不用冠词可以表示概念

8、，用冠词则表示具体的某一个，如go to the school“去那所学校（不一定是去上学）”。抽象名词也是这样。如attain independence表达的是“获得独立”这个概念。the常译作“这个/那个；这些/那些”q32995088519. 【2012全国新课标】 Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction. A. /; aB. a; theC. the; /D. the; a20. 【2013新课标I】India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A. /; aB. the; aC. an; /D. an; the考点4. 名词有修饰语时，不一定都是特指I like books with hard covers. 我喜欢精装书。I like the books with hard covers. 我喜欢那些精装书。在第一句中，books是泛指精装书这一类书，是类指。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠词。在第一句中，with hard covers是描绘性定语。在第二句中，with hard covers是限制性定语，指的是那些书中精装的那些，而不是别的。本内容摘自高中英语语法通霸，打包下载http:/ http:/ 【2000全国】Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; the22. 【2004北京春】On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy snow in that area. A. the; theB. the; /C. /; /D. /; the23. As a consequence，_ fruits

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