美国历史文化课件

1、The Map of U.S.A,自由女神像是1876年美国建国百周年时法国送的生日礼物，历时10年才完工。塑像总高93米，重225吨，矗立在纽约港的一个岛上。自由女神身披飘逸长袍，右手高举点燃的火炬，左手持一标有1776年7月4日美国独立宣言发表日的铭板。头冠上有七支像宝剑一样的突出物，代表着七个海洋和七块大陆。在女神像的基座上刻着俄国犹太移民女诗人埃玛拉扎勒斯的动人诗句：,Statue of Liberty,Liberty Enlightening the World,1. Discovery,Around the year 1000, 500 years earlier than Columbus, a party of Icelandic Vikings under Leif Ericson sailed to the North America and landed at a place they called Vinland. *Leif Ericson:雷夫埃里克森 挪威探险家，他被认为是第一位登上北美的人，早于哥伦布发现新大陆五百年。根据冰岛传说，他在Vinland(温

2、兰德)建立了挪威人的定居点。,The need for increased trade and an error in navigation led to another European encounter with America. Christopher Columbus, mistakenly believed that he could reach the Far East by sailing 4,000 miles west from Europe. He persuaded the king and queen of Spain to finance such a voyage. Columbus sailed west. Instead he landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea.,1. Discovery,Bahama bh:m Island: 巴哈马群岛 Caribbean kribi(:)n Sea: 加勒比海,Columbus eventually explored most of t

3、he Caribbean area. He never reached the Far East; but he did return home with some gold. The Spanish established some of the earliest settlements in North America.,1. Discovery,The Europeans were initially drawn to the New World in search of wealth. Each European sovereign claimed as much territory as possible in the New World by establishing settlements of Europeans. This requirement-fueled the drive for the establishment of colonies. Sovereign svrin n. 元首,主权,1. Discovery,The first successful E

4、nglish colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607; the settlement was financed by a London company which expected to make a profit from the settlement. Of the first 105 colonists, 73 died of hunger and disease. But the colony survived and eventually grew and became wealthy. The Virginians discovered a way to earn money by growing tobacco, which they began shipping to England in 1614. Jamestown：詹姆斯敦（佛吉尼亚州）,2. English Settlements,2. English Settlements,In New England, the n

5、ortheastern region of what is now the United States; several settlements were established by English Puritans.,The settlers believed that the Church of England had adopted too many practices from Roman Catholicism, and they came to America to escape persecution in England and to found a colony based on their own religious ideals.,Why the English Puritans escaped from the Britain?,New England:新英格兰(美国东北部六州),One group of Puritans, called the “Pilgrims,“ took the ship Mayflower and settled at Plymou

6、th in 1620. Plymouth plim n. 普利茅斯,2. English Settlements,In 1621, the puritans gathered in a large crop and the settlers fixed a date to celebrate their harvest in order to express their thanks to God. This is the beginning of the holiday called Thanksgiving. Thanksgiving Day:(美国是11月的第四个星期四，加拿大是10月的第二个星期一),2. English Settlements,2. English Settlements,The Puritans hoped to build “a city upon a hill”-an ideal community. New England also established another American tradition- an often intolerant

7、moralism. The Puritans believed that governments should enforce Gods morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and heretics. In the Puritan settlements the right to vote was restricted to church members, and the salaries of ministers were paid out of tax revenues. moralism: n. 道德主义 Adulterer:奸夫 Sabbath sb n. 宗安息日 heretic hertik:异教徒,2. English Settlements,4. One Puritan who disagreed with the decisions of the community, Roger Williams, protested that the state

8、should not interfere with religion. Forced to leave Massachusetts in 1635, he set up the neighboring Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state. This toleration, in its turn, attracted further groups of settlers to the New World.,Massachusetts mstu:sits: 马萨诸塞 Rhode Island:罗得岛(州) Maryland:马里兰州 Pennsylvania pensilveini:宾夕法尼亚,2. English Settlements,5. Over time, the British colonies in North America were also occupied by many non-British national

9、groups. In 1664, the settlement was captured by the English and renamed New York.,别称: the Big Apple 在20世纪初，纽约对外来移民来说是 个崭新天地，机会到处都是。因此 纽约常被昵称为“the Big Apple ”，意 为“好看、好吃，人人都想咬一口”。,纽约夜景,3. Colonial Era,America has always appeared to be not one culture, but a mixture of different cultures. So it is often called “the melting pot”. In the colonial period, this mixture of contrasting traditions was already taking shape. The intolerant idealism of Massachusetts existed beside the tolerant idealism of Rhode Island, the ethnic variety of Pennsylvania and the practical commercial agriculture of Virginia. Most American colonists worked on small farms. These were worked by blacks under the system of slavery , which had evolved slowly since 1619, or by free Englishmen who contracted to work without pay for several years in return for their passage to America. Ethnic:民族的，种族的,3. Colonial Era,By

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