儿科神经系统-化脑英文课件
49页1、Bacterial meningitis,站,Introduction,Bacterial meningitis is an inflammation of the leptomenings, usually causing by bacterial infection. Bacterial meningitis may present acutely (symptoms evolving rapidly over 1-24 hours), subacutely (symptoms evolving over 1-7days), or chronically (symptoms evolving over more than 1 week).,Introduction,Annual incidence in the developed countries is approximately 5-10 per 100000. 30000 infants and children develop bacterial meningitis in United States each year.
2、 Approximately 90 per cent of cases occur in children during the first 5 years of life.,Introduction,Cases under age 2 years account for almost 75% of all cases and incidence is the highest in early childhood at age 6-12 months than in any other period of life. There are significant difference in the incidence of bacterial meningitis by season.,Etiology,Causative organisms vary with patient age, with three bacteria accounting for over three-quarters of all cases: Neisseria meningitidis (meningoc
3、occus) Haemophilus influenzae (if very young and unvaccinated) Streptococcus pneumoniae ( pneumococcus),Etiology,Other organisms Neonates and infants at age 2-3 months Escherichia coli B-haemolytic streptococci Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Listeria monocytogenes,Etiology,Elderly and immunocompromised Listeria monocytogenes Gram negative bacteria Hospital-acquired infections Klebsiella Escherichia coli Pseudomonas Staphylococcus aureus,Etiology,The most common organisms Neonat
4、es and infants under the age of 2months Escherichia coli Pseudomonas Group B Streptococcus Staphylococcus aureus,Etiology,Children over 2 months Haemophilus influenzae type b Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Children over 12 years Neisseria meningitidis Streptococcus pneumoniae,Etiology,Major routes of leptomening infection Bacteria are mainly from blood. Uncommonly, meningitis occurs by direct extension from nearly focus (mastoiditis, sinusitis) or by direct invasion (dermoid sin
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