北大经院:chapter-33-总供给与总需求-2016-05-15课件
63页1、1,第三十三章,总需求与总供给 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply,2,But This “Long Run” is a misleading guide to current affaires. “In the long run” we are all dead. Economists set themselves too easy, too useless a task if in tempestuous seasons they can only tell us that when the storm is long past the ocean is flat again. _John Maynard Keynes,Long run and short run,Long-run model potential output, long-run inflation Short-run model current output, current inflation Actual output=long-run trend + short-ru
2、n fluctuation The short run is defined to be the length of time over which these deviations occur.,3,总需求与总供给 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply,three key facts about short-run economic fluctuations. how the economy in the short run differs from the economy in the long run. how to use the model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply to explain economic fluctuations. how shifts in either aggregate demand or aggregate supply can cause booms and recessions.,4,5,短期经济波动 Short-Run Economic Fluctua
3、tions,经济活动年复一年地波动 Economic activity fluctuates from year to year. 在大多数年份里,物品与服务的生产是上升的 In most years production of goods and services rises. 在过去50年,平均来说,美国经济的生产每年增长约3个百分点。 On average over the past 50 years, production in the U.S. economy has grown by about 3 percent per year. 在一些年份,正常的增长没能出现,导致了衰退。 In some years normal growth does not occur, causing a recession.,6,短期经济波动 Short-Run Economic Fluctuations,衰退是实际GDP下降、收入减少、失业上升的时期 A recession is a period of declining real GDP, falling incomes, and ri
4、sing unemployment. 萧条是严重的衰退 A depression is a severe recession.,7,Real GDP 实际GDP:Figure31-1,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1995,2,500,3,000,3,500,4,000,4,500,5,000,5,500,6,000,6,500,$7,000,短期经济波动一瞥 A Look At Short-Run Economic Fluctuations,8,(b) Investment Spending 投资支出,Billions of,1992 Dollars,300,400,500,600,700,800,900,1,000,$1,100,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1995,短期经济波动一瞥 A Look At Short-Run Economic Fluctuations,9,(c) Unemployment Rate 失业率,0,2,4,6,8,10,12,1965,1970,1975,1980,1985,1990,1995
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