【世纪金榜】2018年高考英语（外研版）一轮复习素材：第二部分 专题复习 一、语法 15.特殊句式（倒装、省略、强调）

1、特 殊 句 式,倒装 省略 强调,倒 装 inversion,定义 英语句子的自然语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。,倒 装,分类 分为全部倒装和部分倒装： 谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装； 只把助动词、连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。,倒装原因 一、 语法结构的需要（如某些疑问句）； 二、为了强调； 三、保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密衔接。,全 部 倒 装 （谓语全部放在主语之前） 此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,1.there be句型。 其中be动词有时可用exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear, remain, happen 等词代替。（全部倒装） 1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom. 2) There lay a winding brook in front of an old house.,2.方位词in, out, there, here, insid

2、e, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then置于句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等，并且句子的主语是名词。为以示强调或为了使情景更生动, 要全部倒装。（全部倒装） 1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor. 注意： 主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。 Away they went. (=They went away.),3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。 （全部倒装） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother. “The car is mine,” said Tom. 注意： 主语是代词时，不倒装。 “The car is mine,” he said.,4.为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，或为了使上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前。（全部倒装） 1)They arrived at a

3、 farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. 2)Nearby were the canoes in which they had come to the island.,5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的需要,将表语提前。 （全部倒装） 1） Inside the pyramid are the burial rooms for the kings and queens. 2） Gone are the days when we are enslaved. 6.such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序。（全部倒装） 1） Such was not his intention. 2） Such are the facts.,部分倒装把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前 1. 用于疑问句。（部分倒装） 1）Shall everything be ready before you arrive? 2） What can I do for you? 注意：疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠倒。 1） Who can work it

4、 out? 2） How many students have read this book?,2.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，should / were / had 置于句首。（部分倒装） 1)Had I not adopted my class teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake. 2) Should I earn money, I should live better.,3. so, as, neither, nor, no more 表示前面的情况也适合于另一人或物时。(部分倒装) 1） Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 2） If you wont go, neither will I. 注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认，主谓不倒装。 1)Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 2) Its raining hard. So it is.,4. 含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardl

5、y, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often 等。 （部分倒装） 1)Not until the 19th century was the written examination probably known. 2)Not only was everything he had taken away, but also his German citizenship. 3)Not a single mistake did he make.,注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装 I have never seen such a performance. 注意2： 如否定词不在句首不倒装 1) Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer. 2) Neit

6、her did he watch TV nor did he go to the cinema.,5.only + 状语（副词、介词短语、状语从句）放在句首时。（部分倒装） 1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. 2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.,6.“so /such +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。（部分倒装） 1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all. 2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.,7.用于形容词（名词/动词）+ as/though的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装） 1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see u

7、s. 2)Child as he is, he knows a lot. ( A small child as he is, he knows a lot.) 3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box.,8.方式副词well或频度副词often, many a time, always, once, every two hours,以及then开头的句子。(部分倒装) 1)Often did I remind him not to do that. 2)Many a time has he made the same mistake.,9.在no soonerthan, hardlywhen, not onlybut also句型中, 前面的句子要部分倒装。 1）No sooner had I reached the station than the train left. 2） Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 注意: not onlybut

8、also, neithernor连接两个主语时不倒装 Not only he but also I went to the Park.,10. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。(部分或全部倒装) 1）May you succeed / be happy! 2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,省 略 ellipsis,省 略 定义 为了避免重复，突出关键词语，并使上下文紧密连接，在句子中有时就省去了一个或几个句子成分。这种语法手段就称为省略。省略是重要的修辞原则，因此，只要不损害语法结构，不产生歧异，能省略的就应省略。,简单句中的省略 1.省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 (1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (It) Doesnt matter. 2.省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?,3.在对话或并列句中，如果主语、谓语不同，而宾语相同，则常省去相同的宾语部分。 Tom enjoys

9、dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).,4.省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态，则须在之后加上be或have: Are you going there? Yes, Id like to (go there). 注意：在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留to: want, wish, like, hate, hope, intend, plan, love, refuse, expect，但当want 和like用于从句中时，to常常省略。,5.结构省略 可以根据通常的语法结构加以判断，比如省略表语或同时省略几个成分。但在否定句中不能省略。 We have lived here (for) ten years. I havent seen you for three months.,并列句中的省略 1.在后一并列分句中凡是与上下文相同的成分通常都要省略。 My office was on the tenth floor, and his (office was) on the twelfth (floor). 并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面的分句中，这时被省略的词语便出现在下文。 George will (take the course) and Bob might take the course.,2.省略动词 + 宾语或补语 I will buy a house. He will (buy a house) too. 3.省略主语 + 谓语动词 We still have shortcomings, and (we have) very big ones, too. 注意：出现在并列句中的be, have, do,如果在一个分句中作助动词，而在另一个分句中作行为动词，不可省略。 4.省略主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 They tried to prevent the pollution, but (they did) not (prevent the pollution) very successfully at the beginning.,复合句中的省略 1.复合句中的省略现象常见于从句中，主句中的省略通常出现在句首。 Hope you

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