克鲁格曼英文第七版
36页1、International Economics theory and policy,Paul R. Krugman Maurice Obstfeld,Chaper 3 Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution,A Model of a Two-Factor Economy:Prices and Production Effects of International Trade Between Two-Factor Economies The Political Economy of Trade: A Preliminary View Empirical Evidence on the Heckscher-Ohlin Model Summary,1. A Two-Factor Economy Model,MODEL: two countries A and B, produces two goods X and Y, with two mobile factors of production M and N. As
2、sumes two goods are cloth (C) and food (F), two two mobile factors of land (T) and labor (L). Definition: A countrys land productivity of cloth shows by TC, labor productivity LC; the land productivity of food by TF, labor productivity LF; a countrys aggregate supply of labor is L, the total land supply is T.,Production Possibility Frontier,The production possibility frontier without factor substitution:,Quantity of food, QF,Quantity of cloth, QC,L/LF,T/TF,L/LC,T/TC,Labor constraint,Land constra
3、int,Production Possibility Frontier,The production possibility frontier with factor substitution: WHY?,Quantity of food, QF,Quantity of cloth, QC,PPF,PPF and Diminishing Marginal Returns,生产可能性边界是一条凹函数曲线,表明了各部门投入要素的边际报酬递减规律; 以劳动为例: 生产可能性边界的斜率为:-MPLF/MPLC.,Prices and Production,Isovalue line(budget constraint line) and PPF:,Quantity of food, QF,Quantity of cloth, QC,PPF,Isovalue lines,Q,Factor Input of Unit Product,Input possibilities in food production:,Land input,Labor input,Input combinations p
4、er unit of food,How to Choose the Input?,It will depend on the ralative cost of two factors, that is the factor prices. Suppose the labors wage rate is w, and the lands rent rate is r. the two factors price is w/r.,FF Curve and CC Curve,Wage-rental ratio,w/r,CC,FF,Land-labor ratio,T/L,FF Curve and CC Curve,The FF curve shows the relationship of relative prices and relative quantities used in foods production. The CC curve shows the relationship of relative prices and relative quantities used in
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