[经管营销]040training and deeloping employees

1、Training and Developing Employees 9031522 劉又菁 9031525 陳聖傑,Chapter Outline,Orienting Employees The Training process Training Techniques Training for Special Purposes Managerial Development and Training Techniques Evaluating the Training Effort,Orienting Employees,Employee orientation A procedure for providing new employees with basic background information about the firm. Socialization Orientation Programs (Figure 7-1) Orientation 1.HR specialist 2.New supervisor,The Training Process,Introduction

2、 The Five-Step Training and Development Process Training and Learning Legal Aspects of Training Training Needs Analysis,Introduction,Training The methods used to give new or present employees the skills they need to perform their jobs. Why the training business is booming,The Five-Step Training and Development Process,1.NEEDS ANALYSIS(需求分析) 2.INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN(教材設計) 3.VALIDATION(確認) 4.IMPLEMENTATION(執行) 5.EVALUATION AND FOLLOW-UP(評估及追蹤) REACTION LEARNING BEHAVIOR RESULTS,Training and Learning

3、,Training is a learning process. Suggestion 1.Meaningful 2.Easy to transfer 3.Motivate the trainee 4.Effectively prepare the trainees,Legal Aspects of Training,Equal employment laws Negligent training 1.情形 2.預防措施 確定應徵者是否真的具備其宣稱的技能與經驗 多方面訓練 有保護第三人健康安全的程序 評估訓練活動,Training Needs Analysis,To determine what training is required Two main ways to identify training needs 1.Task analysis(特別適用於決定新進職者的訓練需求) 2.Performance analysis(評估在職員工績效) Other technique ex:observations,questionnaire surveys,Task Analysis:

4、Assessing the Training Needs of New Employees,用途:to determine the training needs of employees who are new to their jobs 目的:to determine what specific skills the job requires (ex:主管應具備面試技巧) 方法:job descriptions and job specifications 協助:Task Analysis Record Form,Task Analysis Record Form,Task List : main tasks and subtasks How Often Performed : frequency Quantity,Quality Standards : standards Performance Conditions : conditions Skills Required : the skills or knowledge required Where Best Learned

5、: on or off the job,Performance Analysis:Determining the Training Needs of Current Employees,目的 : 評估在職員工的績效,以決定是否要經由訓練或其他方法加以改正(若有顯著績效不佳) 重點 : 區別“cant do”與“wont do” Cant do (做不到) - 原因 ex:dont know what to do , poor selection Wont do (不願意做) - could do a good job if employees wanted to - change the system,Training Techniques,On-the-Job Training Apprenticeship Training Informal Learning Job Instruction Training Lectures Programmed Learning Audiovisual Techniques Vestibule or Simulated Training Comp

6、uter-Based Training Training Via CD-ROM and the Internet,On-the-Job Training,意義 : learn a job by actually performing it. 型式 : 1.coaching or understudy method (教練法) 2.Job rotation (工作輪調) 優點 : 1.inexpensive 2.learn while producing 3.no need for expensive off-job facilities 4.facilitate learning 注意事項 : 1.訓練者本身應受過嚴格的訓練 2.訓練者應接受教學方法的訓練 (job instruction technique),Job instruction technique, STEP 1 : PREPARATION OF THE LEARNER (學習者的準備) STEP 2 : PRESENTATION OF THE OPERATION (操作示範) STEP 3 : PERFORMANCE

7、TRYOUT (績效測試) STEP 4 : FOLLOW-UP (追蹤),Apprenticeship Training,A structured process by which individuals become skilled workers through a combination of classroom instruction and on-the-job training. Ex : in Germany,Informal Learning,Any learning that occurs in which the learning process isnt determined or designed by the organization.,Job Instruction Training,意義 : Step-by-step process 內容 : 1.以適當的順序列出工作中所有必要的步驟 (指示該做些什麼) 2.在每個步驟旁列出重點 (指示要如何做以及為什麼這麼做) 範例 : how to operate a large motorized paper cu

8、tter,Lectures,優點 : 可以迅速且簡單的方式提供知識給一大群受訓者 實用原則 : 1.Give your listeners signals 2.Dont start out on the wrong foot 3.Keep your conclusions short 4.Be alert to your audience 5.Maintain eye contact with the trainees in the program 6.Make sure everyone in the room can hear 7.Control your hands 8.Talk from notes rather than from a script 9.Eliminate bad habits 10.Practice,Programmed Learning,功能 : 1.Presenting questions,facts,or problems to the learner 2.Allowing the person to respond 3.Providing feedb

9、ack on the accuracy of his or her answers 範例 :學習微積分的程式化教材 優點 : 1.Reduce training time by about one-third 2.Facilitate learning,Audiovisual Techniques,視聽技術 : ex 影片,錄影帶,錄音帶 以下情況可考慮使用 (因成本較高) 1.當需要加以對特定順序說明 (ex:焊接鐵線) 2.當有需要讓受訓者認識在現場講授中不易示範的情境 (ex:心藏手術) 3.當整個組織都將施行訓練,及訓練者從某地至另一地的成本太高 Teletraining & Videoconference distance learning,Teletraining,A trainer in a central location can train groups of employees at remote locations via television hookups. Ex : AMP公司,Videoconference distance learning,A means of joining two or more distant groups using a combination of audio and visual equipment. 建議 : 1.避免閃亮的珠寶或花樣繁多的衣物 2.至少提早20分鐘到達 3.測試將用到的所有設備 4.調整燈光,Vestibule or Simulated Training,意義 : 讓受訓者藉由工作上所使用的模擬設備來學習 目的 : 能獲得在職訓練的好處,而不用把受訓者置於實際工作中 適用情形 : 當在職訓練過於昂貴或危險時 範例 : 飛行模擬器 (飛行員訓練) 1.Safety 2.Learning efficiency 3.Cost savings,Computer-Based Training,The trainee uses a computer-based system to interactively increase knowledge or skills. 例子 : 西北公

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