【7A文】主谓一致

1、,例 Listening to loud music at rock concerts _ caused hearing loss in some teenagers. A. is B. are C. has D. have,解析考查主谓一致。动名词短语作主语时，句子的谓语动词用单数形式，由此排除B、D两项，根据主语与caused的主动关系，排除A项。,C,第讲 主谓一致,例 Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_evening dress. A. wear B. wears C. has worn D. have worn,解析考查主谓一致和时态。首先the only one of 为先行词时，定语从句修饰的是one，即one是主语，而非后面的复数women，根据主谓一致的原则，谓语动词应该用单数，排除A、D。另外，从“is”可以看出句子是要表示一种习惯，因此要用一般现在时，排除C，故选B。,B,例 It is reported that many a new house _ at pre

2、sent in the disaster area. A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built,解析考查动词时态，语态及主谓一致。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行，主语与所填词是被动关系；many a+名词单数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D。,D,例 Such poets as Shakespeare _ widely read,of whose works, however, some _difficult to understand. A. are; are B. is; is C. are; is D. is; are,解析考查主谓一致。主句中的主语应为poets，谓语动词用复数，其后的非限制性定语从句的主语应为some of whose works，谓语动词也应是复数，故选A。,A,例 The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The

3、 figure is now approaching 74 million. A. has grown B. have grown C. grew D. are growing,解析考查主谓一致和时态。the population (人口)作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数的形式。现在的人口和1949年的人口相比较，强调到现在为止人口已经增长了，所以用现在完成时态。,A,主谓一致的原则在英语中运用中时时存在，最近几年的考查基本上都是和时态、语态结合在一起。考生备考可以从如下几个方面入手：,1. 不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名，地名，机构名，书名等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如news, maths, physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。 Physics is not easy to understand. 2. 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 When and where to go for the onsalary holiday has not been decided yet.,意义(语法)一致原则,3“ one, either,

4、 neither, each of +复数名词或代词”作主语时， 谓语动词用单数。 Either of the stories is very funny. 4. Something, everything, anything, nothing，somebody, nobody, no one 等不定代词作主语时，谓语动词通常是单数。 Nothing is impossible.,意义(语法)一致原则,5. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。 Ten pounds was missing from the box. 6. a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词时，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。 This pair of glasses is very expensive. Two series of new stamps have been ordered.,意义(语法)一致原则,7a number of +复数名词，“许多”，复数意义；the number

5、 of +复数名词，“的数目”，单数意义。the population of“的人口数量”作主语时，谓语用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，谓语则用复数，具体指其中的多少人，复数意义。the average of “的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数。,意义(语法)一致原则,The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard. The population of China is large and most of the population are farmers.,意义(语法)一致原则,8. 主语后with, together with, along with, except, besides, as well as 等短语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词，其后跟的名词只能是介宾，不可能充当主语。) Mr. Green toget

6、her with his children goes to the park every Sunday.,意义(语法)一致原则,9. “the + adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数。 The disabled are well taken care of in this country. The new is certain to replace the old. 10. 分数，百分数， all, some, the rest, half of, most of, part of 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。 The rest of the workers are still very tired.,意义(语法)一致原则,11主语为集合名词时，如果看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果侧重其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。 这类集体名词常见的有：army, audience, cattle, class, club, committee, crowd, family, government, group, majority, mino

7、rity, part, people, police, public, staff, team等等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。 His family are all sitting in the sofa watching TV.,意义(语法)一致原则,12. 当and连接两个并列主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数。另外，当and 连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作复数， 那么谓语动词也应该用复数。 War and peace is a constant theme in history. Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.,意义(语法)一致原则,必背：英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有： iron and steel 钢铁 law and order 治安 bread and butter黄油面包 a watch and chain 一块带链的表 a knife and fork刀叉 a coat and

8、 tie配有领带的上衣 aim and end 目的 truth and honesty 真诚,意义(语法)一致原则,13what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。 What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.,意义(语法)一致原则,14such 作主语时， 谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。 Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much. 15. quantities of +名词作主语时，不论名词是可数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。 Every day quantities of food are wasted.,意义(语法)一致原则,1every /each/no+名词+and every/ each/ no +名词作主语时，谓语用单数。 Every boy and every girl is having sports now. 2“one +单数名词+and a

9、 half”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 3“more than one +名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,形式一致原则,4“many a +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 注意：以上4种情况，如果从意义上来讲，主语有复数意义，但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的，故谓语用单数形式，谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。,形式一致原则,1. 谓语动词的人称和数常常与最邻近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有：or, notbut， eitheror， neithernor ， not onlybut also等。 Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.,就近原则,2. 在倒装句中，谓语与后面第一个主语一致。 In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people. 在there be 句型中，或当一个句子是由 there 或here引起，主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。 There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boystudents and twentythree girlstudents in the class. Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.,就近原则, He is the only one of my classmates that _ me a lot with maths. A. help

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