物理海洋学 期末复习资料完
11页1、1. inertial period (惯性周期P135):It is one half the time required for the rotation of a local plane on Earths surface2. geostrophic balance (地转平衡P151):Within the oceans interior away from the top and bottom Ekman layers, for horizontal distances exceeding a few tens of kilometers, and for times exceeding a few days, horizontal pressure gradients in the ocean almost exactly balance the Coriolis force resulting from horizontal currents. This balance is known as the geostrophic balance.3. pressuregrad
2、ient (压力梯度): In atmospheric sciences (meteorology, climatology and related fields), the pressure gradient (typically of air, more generally of any fluid) is a physical quantity that describes which direction and at what rate the pressure changes the most rapidly around a particular location. The pressure gradient is a dimensional quantity expressed in units of pressure per unit length. The SI unit is pascal per metre (Pa/m). 4. mixed layer (混合层P81) :Wind blowing on the ocean stirs the upper laye
3、rs leading to a thin mixed layer at the sea surface having constant temperature and salinity from the surface down to a depth where the values differ from those at the surface. The magnitude of the difference is arbitrary, but typically the temperature at the bottom of the layer must be no more than 0.020.1 colder than at the surface./ The oceanic or limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depth 5. Physical Oceanography(物理海洋学P8):Physical Ocean
4、ography is the study of physical properties and dynamics of the ocean. The primary interests are the interaction of the ocean with the atmosphere, the oceanic heat budget, water mass formation, currents, and coastal dynamics. Physical Oceanography is considered by many to be a subdiscipline of geophysics.6. The Ekman number(埃克曼数P139) is a dimensionless number used in describing geophysical phenomena in the oceans and atmosphere. It characterises the ratio of viscous forces in a fluid to the fict
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