被动语态经典讲解

1、被动语态,复习要点,Tom broke the window. （主动语态） The window was broken by Tom. （被动语态） ,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,主动语态,被动语态,（前者表示句子的主语为动作的发出者，后者表示句子的主语为动作的承受者。）,从以上对比可以看出，主动句中的主语Tom在被动句中 变成了短语by Tom，主动句中的宾语the window变成了被 动句中的主语。由于被动句中的主语即主动句中的宾语， 因此，只有及物动词才有被动语态。,被动语态的构成,被动语态基本构成：be+过去分词,常见的被动结构,1 SVO句型的被动结构 SVO句型中的谓语为单宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式) (+ by短语)。 He wrote the book two years ago. The book was written by him two years ago. .2 SVoO句型的被动结构 SVoO句型中的谓语动词为双宾及物动词，其被动结构是： S + V(被动式) + O/o(保留宾语) (+ by短语)。 My aunt gave me

2、an apple. * I was given an apple. An apple was given to me. 一般把间接宾语（表示人）作为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语（表示物）作为保留宾语。如果把直接宾语作为被动句的主语，则间接宾语作为保留宾语，它的前面通常要用介词to或for（视动词而定）,3 SVOC句型的被动结构 SVOC句型中的谓语动词为复宾及物动词，其被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + C(主语补足语) (+ by短语)。 People usually call me Jim for short. I am usually called Jim for short 在被动句中作主语补足语的不定式一律要带to，不论其作宾语补足语时是否带to 4 短语动词的被动结构 短语动词的被动结构是：S + V(被动式) + 介词/副词 (+ by短语)。 在将含有短语动词的主动句转换成被动句时，原短语动词中的介词或副词（如以上句中的for, off, of）不能遗漏。 We have sent for a doctor. A doctor has been sent for 5

3、带情态动词的被动结构 带情态动词的被动结构是：S + V(情态动词+主要动词的被动式) (+ by短语) You must do it at once. It must be done at once.,各种时态的被动结构练习,1、The Chinese food _ to be the healthiest in the world. A. considers B. is considering C. is considered D. has considered 2、John _ , for he went swimming yesterday without permission. would punished B. had punished C. punished D. was punished 3、- Have you moved into the new house ? - Not yet .Rooms _. A. are painting B. are painted C. are being painting D. are being painted,一般时态：am/i

4、s/are +过去分词,现在进行时态：am/is/are +being +过去分词,过去时态：was/were +过去分词,4、Mr. Wu was in hospital . when we went to see him , he _on . A. operated B. was operated C. was operating D. was being operated 5、The new school _ when the new term begins. A. finishes B. will finish C. will be finished D. would finish 6、The old scientist said that he _ to visit their country before long . A. invited B. had invited C. was inviting D. would be invited,过去进行时态：was/were + being +过去分词,一般将来时态：will + be+过去分词,过去将来时态：would +

5、be+过去分词,7、With the help of the Hope Project, more and more new schools _ in the poor area. A. built B. have built C. have been built D. have been building 8、He came out and told us that the work _. A. finished B. was finished C. had finished D. had been finished 9、The programmes _ easily if you use a short wave radio. A. can pick up B. pick up C. picked up D. can be picked up,现在完成时态：have/has + been +过去分词,过去完成时态：had + been +过去分词,情态动词：情态动词+be +过去分词,不知道或没必要知道动作的执行者。 The book was first published in

6、the late 1990s. b)不便说出动作的执行者。 The plan was generally considered impractical. c)突出动作的承受者。 She is respected by all the workers of the factory. d)汉语中的无主句，在英语中用被动语态 。 Smoking is not allowed in public places. e)为了保持主语的一贯性。 The old professor wheeled himself into the classroom and was warmly applauded by the students.,何时用被动语态,4）有些短语不用被动语态 do ones best, make a face, make room(腾位子）， make up ones mind, belong to,不用被动语态的情况 （考点）,1）不及物动词不用被动语态；注意：happen, break out ,take place The story was happened in 1934.

7、( ）,2）表状态的动词不用被动语态；have, lack, fit I have a new bike.,3）连系动词不用被动语态； The story is sounded true. ( ）,1）感官动词 ( taste ; feel ; smell ; sound ; look ) 用主动形式表示被动。 How sweet the music sounds ! Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth . 2） write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well, easily时。 The book sells well . ( 这本书销路很好。 ) The door will not open . ( 这扇门就是打不开。 ) This dress washes better . ( 这衣服较好洗。 ) The sign reads as follows . ( 这牌子告示如下。 ),特殊情况 （考试重点 ）,3）need, demand, want(需要）, require, be worth等后用动名词表被动。 The desk needs repairing. The novel is worth seeing.,注意：need后可接动名词表被动，又可接动词不定式的被动形式。但若有附加成分有用动词不定式的被动形式。比较： The desk needs repairing. The desk needs to be repaired.,4) 注意动名词的被动形式，（being done) Nobody likes being laughed of. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。,

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