英语六级历年阅读理解逐句翻译

1、2006 年 12 月 一、 In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the bodys system for reacting to things that can harm us - the so-called fight-or-flight response. 从纯生物角度来说，恐惧始于人体系统对会伤害我们的事情的反应 -即所谓的“战斗或逃脱”反应。 An animal that cant detect danger cant stay alive, says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for about potential threats. “不能觉察到危险的动物无法生存” Jeseph LeDoux。像动物一样，人类进化过程中形成了一个精巧的机制，以处理潜在威胁的信息。 At its core is a cluster of neurons (神经元 ) deep in the brain known as

2、 the amygdala (扁桃核 ). 该机制的核心是大脑内部的一束被称为扁桃核的神经元。 LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. Ledoux 研究了动物和人类对危险的反应方式，以理解我们对于生活中重要事件是如何形成记忆的。 The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for retrieving memories. 扁桃核从大脑的很多部位中接受输入的信息，包括负责回收记忆的部位。 Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situation - I think this charging dog wants to bite me - and triggers a respo

3、nse by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. 使用该信息，扁桃核对情景进行分析 -我觉得这只充满攻击性的狗想咬我 -进而通过体内神经信号的辐射启动效应。 These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just to name three. 这些信号产生与危险相似的信号：颤抖、流汗和快步逃跑，这仅是其中的三种反应。 This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know theyre afraid. 恐惧机制对所有动物的生存都是至关重要的，但是没有人敢肯定地说除了人以外，动物是否感受到了恐惧。 That is, as LeDoux says, if you put that sy

4、stem into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear. 正如 Ledoux 所言：“如果你把该机制放进一个有知觉的大脑中，你就会有恐惧的感觉” Humans, says Edward M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Edward M.Hallowell 说人 类拥有回忆过去发生的不好事情的图像和预测未来的能力。 Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry. 把这些高级思维过程与我们固有的危险探测系统结合在一起，你将会获得一个几乎是人类所共有的现象：担忧。 T

5、hats not necessarily a bad thing, says Hallowell, When used properly, worry is an incredible device, he says. Hallowell 说，这未必是件坏事。“如果使用恰当，担忧式中难以置信的设计”他说。 After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive action - like having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back. 毕竟，稍许健康的担忧是未尝不可的，如果担忧可以带来建设性的行为 -如让医生检查一下你背上奇怪的斑点。 Hallowell insists, though, that theres a right way to worry. 但是 Hallowell 坚持认为，担忧存在着一种正确的模式。 Never do it alone, get the facts and then make a plan, he say

6、s. “永远不要只是担忧，要获取事实，然后指定计划”他说。 Most of us have survived a recession, so were familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump. 我们中的大多数都有从衰退中熬过来的精力，所以我们都熟知度过低潮所需要的节约政策。 Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so its been difficult to get facts about how we should respond. 不幸的是，我们中仅有少数人有处理恐怖主义危险的经验，所以要获取我们应该如何应对的信息变得十分困难。 Thats why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors f

7、or Cipro (抗炭疽菌的药物 ) and buying gas masks. 这就是为什么 Hallowell 认为在去年秋天的时候，人们向医生获取抗炭疽菌的药物和购买防毒面具并由此深陷于某种极度担忧中的行为是可以理解的。 二、 Amitai Etzioni is not surprised by the latest headings about scheming corporate crooks (骗子 ). Amitai Etzioni 并没有对最新的关于行骗团伙的阴谋的报纸标题感到惊奇。 As a visiting professor at the Harvard Business School in 1989, he ended his work there disgusted with his students overwhelming lost for money. 作为 1989 年哈佛大学商学院的访问学者，他在结束工作时对于他的学生对金钱的绝大欲望感到厌恶。 “ They re taught that profit is all that matters,” h

8、e says. “ Many schools don t even offer ethics (伦理学 ) courses at all.” “他们被教育金钱就是一切。他说 ,“很对学校甚至不提供任何伦理学的课程。” Etzioni expressed his frustration about the interests of his graduate students. Etzioni 说他对他的研究生们的兴趣所在感到沮丧。 “ By and large, I clearly had not found a way to help classes full of MBAs see that there is more to life than money, power, fame and self-interest.” He wrote at the time. Today he still takes the blame for not educating these “ business-leaders-to-be.” “ I really like I failed them

9、,” he says. “ If I was a better teacher maybe I could have reached them.”“很长时间，很明显我 找不到一个方法让一个 MBA 班的学员认识生活不但是金钱，全力，名声和私立”他那时候写道。现在她仍然自责当初没有好好教导这群“未来的商业领袖”“我真的觉得我让他们失望了”他说：“如果我当初是个更好的老师，或许就能够影响他们” Etzioni was a respected ethics expert when he arrived at Harvard. 初到哈佛的时候， Etzioni 是一位受人尊敬的伦理学专家。 He hoped his work at the university would give him insight into how questions of morality could be applied to places where self-interest flourished. 他希望他在哈佛的工作可以帮他弄明白如何让道德问题应用于充满私立的地方。 What he found wasn t encouraging. 他的研究结果很难让人兴奋。 Those would be executives had, says Etzioni, little interest in concepts of ethics and morality in the boardroom and their professor was met with blank stares when he urged his students to see business in new and different ways. Etzioni 说，那些未来的经理们对于董事会里的伦理和道德概念没有什么兴趣 -当他尝试促使他的学生用一种新的，不同的方式看待商业的时候，教授看到的是空洞的眼神。 Etzioni sees the experience at Harvard as an eye-opening one an

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