英语语音stress and rhythm
22页1、Unit 22 Stress and Rhythm (重读和节奏),When English speakers are speaking, they usually: make some parts of words stronger and clearer than other parts (word stress) join parts of the words together (sound linking) arrange words into groups and join them together (pauses and word groups) make some words stronger and clearer than other words (sentence stress).,Every language in the world has its own rhythmic patterns. There are two types of rhythm in the worlds languages: Stress-timing (重音定时节奏) and sy
2、llable-timing (音节定时节奏) Stress-timing: Equal intervals between stressed syllables (重读音节之间使用一样的时间间隔) Prototypical languages: English, Dutch, German Syllable-timing: Equal syllable durations (每个音节使用一样的时间长度) Prototypical languages: French, Spanish All languages of the world are said to fall into one group or the other,Two Types of Rhythm,Rhythm in English speech is based on stress (英语的节奏基于重读,或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位),The English speech is Stress-timing, that is, the stressed syllables follow each other at rou
3、ghly equal intervals of time. In English, variation of syllables or words that have strong stress with those that have weaker or reduced stress is typical and contributes to the rhythm of English. Therefore, rhythm in English speech is based on stress.,Examples: (a dot = short, a dash = long),Example One: clap you hands in time to the stress as you read the sentences。读以下句子的时候,请随着重读音节拍手. Note: the stressed syllables follow each other at roughly equal intervals of time,Rhythm in English speech is
4、based on stress (英语的节奏基于重读,或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位),/Tom /John /Steve /Sam /Thomson /Johnson /Steven /Samson /Thomson and /Johnson and /Steven and /Samson /Thomson and then /Johnson and then /Steven and then /Samson,Rhythm in English speech is based on stress (英语的节奏基于重读,或者节奏以重读音节为节奏单位),Example Two: read the following pairs of phrases and sentences. Black or white? It was black and it was white. soft and light Its soft and its light. Dan and Sue It was Danny and it was Susie. bread and milk Some bread and
5、 some milk. Get a purse. Get us her purse. a dark room It was dark in the room. cold winter It was cold in the winter. Note: it takes about the same length of time to say each pair of these phrases and sentences because the number of syllables may vary but the number of stressed syllables are the same.,Fig. 1: Chinese Putonghua on the rhythmic scale in relation to French, Spanish and English Syllable-timing Stress-timing French Putonghua Spanish English,The rhythmic patterns of Chinese and Engli
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