初中定语从句基础讲解

1、定语从句,Attributive Clause,Your bag is on the desk .（代词） I like hard-working student.（形容词） Do you have something to drink ?（不定式） The boy in blue is Tom.（介词短语）定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，一般由代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词（短语）来充当。它常和名词一起构成名词短语，定语有前置定语和后置定语，前置定语多是单词的形式，后置定语多是短语或从句。,什么是定语？,什么是定语从句？,在复合句中作定语，修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用在句中相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。 试比较,Mary is a beautiful girl.,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句,结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子,I love singers who write their own music.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,被修饰的名词或代

2、词,跟在先行词后，引导从句的词,修饰先行词的句子,定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词,引 导 词：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系副词,引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句(2)在从句中作一成份(3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,关系词,that, which, who, whom, whosewhen, where, why,人 (n.) + who /that+ 从句物 (n.) + that / which+ 从句,关系代词,关系副词,关系词的判 断 :第一，看先行词。 如果先行词是指人,关系代词 可用 that,who,whom,whose。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which或that;,第二，确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表：,第三，定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致.注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.(主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时)(从句)Th

3、e woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.(句中yesterday表示过去时间),1.The man is a farmer.,2.The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a farmer.,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,I have an apple.,An apple is red.,I have an apple,that is red.,修饰先行词 an apple,主语,主语,关系词that在定语从句中作主语时不能省掉。,I like some friends.,Some friends like sports.,I like some friends,who like sports.,修饰先行词 friends,主语,主语,/ that,关系词who /that 在定

4、语从句中作主语时不能省掉。,I like the music.,I can dance to the music.,I like the music,that I can dance to .,宾语,宾语,关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。,I like the girl.,You are talking to the girl.,I like the girl,who(m) you are talking to .,宾语,宾语,/that,关系词who /that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省掉。,小结： that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。 which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.,who 指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）,Who/that 在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数英语先行词保持一致。I prefer shoes that are cool.I have a friend who plays sports.,关系代词who / that的作用：a. 做代词，代替先行词b. 在从句中担任句子成分：主语或宾

5、语c. 做连词，把主句和从句连接起来,I love singers who write their own music.,定语从句中需注意事项有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which 1.从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard.The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是 something, nothing, anything等不定代词时 Here is something( that) I will tell you.,3.先行词既有人也有物时,只能用thatI can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see. 4.先行词是one of,the one, 或用 little, much, few, no, all, some, any, the only, th

6、e very, the same, the last 修饰时Is it the one that you want ? I havent got much that I can offer you.5.当主句已有疑问词 who或which时，用thatWho is the woman that was praised at the meeting?,注: who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用 who,不用that 1).先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用whoThose who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用whoThere is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.,练习：判断Who/that 在从句中担任主语还是宾语。,I love singers

7、 who write their own songsHe is the man who I met yesterday.I like music that I can dance to.I prefer a sandwich that is really delicious.,主语,宾语,宾语,主语,阅读下列句子，再用who/that 填空。 1.I have a brother _ likes soccer.2.Tom doesnt like movies _are too long and too scary.3. We prefer groups _ play loud and energetic songs.4. He likes friends _ often help each other.,who/that,that,that,who/that,请将下列题中的两个句子合并成一个句子。 1I like music. The music is loud and exciting. _.2. She loves movies. The movies are romantic._

8、.3. Tony likes music. He can dance to the music. _.,I like music that is loud and exciting.,She loves movies that are romantic.,Tony likes music that he can dance to.,Match the two sentences 1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _ 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. _ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking. _ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. _,Im reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the

9、man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,whose 作定语,表示所属关系。,The boy is my classmate.The boys father is a policeman.,The boy whose father is a policeman is my classmate.,A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿). A. who B. whose C. whos D. whichLook at the girl _name is Lucy.A. who B. thatC. whos D. whose,关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。,where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。,1.The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed at the hotel.,The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean.,

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