《语言学导论》语言习得
56页1、语言习得心理语言学的几个研究方向 习得 理解 产生 障碍 语言与思维 神经认知 Any theory of language acquisition must account for what children do and do not do in the course of achieving adult linguistic competence.Two different approaches to answering this question Behaviorism: the child is endowed at birth with general learning abilities but not with any language-specific knowledge; linguistic behavior is molded by adult speaker; and imitation plays an important role. Noam Chomskys theory: language acquisition cannot be accounted
2、 for without positing a linguistically specific system of principles and parameters that every healthy (in the relevant sense) child is generally endowed with, a system he refers to as Universal Grammar (UG), or as the Language Acquisition Device (LAD). Chomskys arguments against behaviorism The linguistic data available to the child are themselves impoverished and not sufficient for a child to inductively arrive at a grammar capable of producing ill-formed expressions. Language development in c
3、hildren occurs spontaneously and does not require conscious instruction or reinforcement on the part of adults. In a very short period of time children are able to develop very complex linguistic systems, moving from a one-word stage to multiword stages, on the basis of limited and often fragmentary data. Teaching children?Note: “hay putter” two “his” “did” In part on the basis of these kinds of examples, Chomsky has concluded that children deductively arrive at the grammar that enables them to
4、both produce and understand novel expressions. Note that, this is not to say that imitation and instruction play no role whatsoever in learning ones native language. The point is that imitation and overt teaching play at best a very minor role in the childs mastery of grammar. Early stages in the development of languageBabblingThe one-word stage At some point in the late part of first year of life or the early part of the second year, children begin using recognizable words of their native langu
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