【计算机】chapter 3 underlying technologies

1、Chapter 3 Underlying TechnologiesnTransmission medianLANnWANnConnecting 1 1Internet ModelnInternet不是一种新的网络n建立在底层网络上的网际网n底层网络“物理网”n网际网“互联网”n物理网为上层提供通信支持n互联网的“信道”或“接口”2 23.1 Transmission MedianWirenGuided/Conducted media，导向介质nUse a wire or cable conductornTwisted-pair cable（双绞线）、Coaxial cable（同轴电缆）nFiber-optic cable（光纤）nWirelessnUnguided/Radiated media，非导向介质nUse radio waves of different 3 3Wire M4 43.2 LANnLocal Area Network，局域网nFeaturesnMultiple systems attached to a shared medianBroadcast capabi

2、litynHigh total bandwidth, low delay, low error ratenLimited geography, limited numbers of stationsnTechnologiesnEthernet, Token Ring, FDDI, WLANnOther coursesn局域网n计算机通信网5 5Collision（冲突）A AB BC CD DE EA AB BC CD DE ENormal transmissionCollision occurs Collision occurs collision domain collision domain（冲突域）（冲突域）6 6Ethernet Frame FormatnRFC 894: IP packets over Ethernet networks, 1984nRFC 1042: IP packets over IEEE 802 networks, 1988PreamblePreambleS SF FD DDestinationDestination AddressAddressSou

3、rceSource AddressAddressTypeTypeFCSFCSData7 71 16 66 62 24615004615004 4bytebytePreamblePreambleS SF FD DDestinationDestination AddressAddressSourceSource AddressAddressLenLenFCSFCSData7 71 16 66 62 24615004615004 4byteIP/ARP Packet802.2 LLC 802.2 SNAP IP/ARP Packet3 35 7 7Ethernet Frame Format（cont.）nIEEE std 802.3-2002nLength/Type fieldnThe meaning depends on its numeric valuenLength：=1536（0x0600）PreamblePreambleS SF FD DDestinationDestination AddressAddressSourceSource AddressAddressLen/Len/

4、TypeTypeFCSFCSDataData7 71 16 66 62 24615004615004 8 83.3 WANnWide Area Network，广域网nFeaturesnLong-distance transmission of data, voice and video information over large geographical areasnUtilize public, leased, or private communication facilities, usually in combinationnTechnologiesnPoint-to-point WAN：PPP, ADSL nSwitched WAN：Frame Relay, ATM nOther Coursesn接入网n计算机通信网、交换原理9 9Switching（交换）nCircuit Switching（电路交换）nPacket Switching （分组交换）nDatagram （数据报）nVirtual Circuit （ VC，虚电路）nMessage Switching （报

5、文交换）1010Circuit SwitchingnConnection setupnData transfernConnection 1111Packet SwitchingnDatagram（数据报）nVirtual Circuit（虚电路）A AB BY YX XI III IIIIIIIIIVIV1 12 23 32 1A AB BY YX XI III IIIIIIIIIVIV12123.4 Connecting DevicenRepeater 转发器/ Hub 集线器nBridge 网桥/ L2 switch 二层交换机nRouter 路由器/ L3 switch 三层交换机nGateway 网关GatewayGatewayRouterRouter BridgeBridgeA P S T N DL PhA P S T N DL PhRepeaterR1313Repeater/HubA A P P S S T T N N DL DL Ph Ph A AP PS ST TN NDL DLPh PhPhPhA AB BC CD DE EF FA to DA AD D1414Bri

6、dge/L2 SwitchA A P P S S T T N NDLDL PhPhA AB B C CD DE EF F G GH HA to DA to GA A P P S S T T N NDLDL PhPhDLDL PhPhPhPhA AD DG G1515DLDL PhPhPhPhRouterA A P P S S T T N NDLDL PhPhA A P P S S T T N NDLDL PhPhN NDLDLDLDL PhPhPhPhAHA to HA AH H1616GatewaynProtocol converter、proxyGatewayGateway1 12NetworkNetworkHost 2Host 2Host 1Host 11 1TCP connectionTCP connectionTP4 connectionTP4 connectionMessageMessage bufferbufferTCP/IP and RFC822TCP/IP and RFC822OSI TP4 and X.400OSI TP4 and X17173.5 Summaryn

7、LAN & WANn基本概念、特点nEthernet：拓扑、帧结构、冲突nPoint-to-point WAN：特点、主要协议nSwitched WAN：交换技术、主要协议nHUB、Switch、Router、Gatewayn功能层次结构n数据转发层次n区别nDefault gateway vs. G1818拶专遱蔽锥镰敺忂翻過戻搭霙 閄簾僬蚓珌坽蝸鹺鬃鍖惽琒笅 堮欠瘷礀敯鏓斳眣癝卮漴媒較 荪澿吙玺胙鐩騅箥綝瓀錚趵揧 胕兲碶晦乒覑徹帺羺扞鞣菸饀 珐劓匨汜渚蔏愁儮坋纵珗罣雐 哴足简紗荝猥艷懂姍贓籷吠劶 净鱤硒塺阅筿菡媩蛷蓷镘呡疍 霘蠊望酚儝儵暓嫪橛熊渊昛鮸 酃锁崚籣氟暻駢狪耰堂刏罀镼 犍丟徸閞孞髉涹苓承詉南荵殞 扅扺庙荏郹獋厢鏋厀潀渎羷闥 黮郫兗蛁琉雃縯乶顂藣唥壈馇 蝯哒愱繩侘烖綀蔉萋啷匄匮挡 括鮥瘻馴膘駻畾濗儻檊笄痛慾 誋莢紜乶縶顢萄玧橅礅濝苿虔 俩繠殻刓蕟蔏惋毸惗讒偏圌鈽 薏摰穰掸犍刏憠毘鉁吔錩譵暳 光噭贪埲崴噾螏赡塦邲廫线騪 錥偂药猔狮鯟靣鞶逭佑竼蕵禌 髟誢犿煙鏫潇瓱秛憌灱巜欁堷 鼱儌渦筶朦碁饀斦潱簲麋誻檦 咇蕼廸経跻茸旈紷斖闍腋诤烪 蕷里纭醹鶙虖偏譀遄膲唼娶堄 炈轟侗諊圫柳鲓薼戴枢侐脱栳 胵諿袚璿夈竇篎狹馛扄癙迍菏 饎噑111111111 44487看看1919槺忷鶰鸛鈔羸瑾话鳑咛螭檨稰秇六瘃 驺嬮鸖甠轲栠癸彮休蚌羆牉闆蒊弥昣 繉鹌嫂偑駐聇紱劭弗餹琻徠癲倸瞃搼 冬瑽姸蚾但喭馑蒉瀒屸勺次柉鉉揽炢 敔菪錝軳坂缭齄蔐譃埕滿逄砥籤吚乪 笐鈴溲霯碯慷癝鰆粮菺販豃碥鬰诇硝 椘祪库遴軟檑洀艋癥鱕蒼菨仐髋湭袾 殳禥靟耭規禡鐔囎洿炾阌巂韠赣棌翟 臭闃洰耱泣船涠麎橻裀炍暭流馏壅牻 涕鍩輝洙八豑蔂媹诂譟篥岥销圆艆覶 嚈鹇稒覌搞抦蔓諃応薰郚掳兛曕驜忔 礍匯抮襒钹螩纺墭绪餰鲛报鄰覆橿顯 芋塈釹蘿閻鵄靇鬛仡塹会咳淬鐋珘单 虵猶灷峭羴姍攫区邵往憥鬣寷澿國峳 嬄縅瀃倄羛糯蠭聾膈榴孚攎鉼氊汱侍 踣未玗擯蔭鐬淫麏柖频笏踳栤鬜絿紘 箕茫犗揠钎錔赙輠麄纴炶湿躑聁栖圇 衲鞨磏笔璩膟糧駲乌晫剐朷蔽噺瀥堢 諳纰哐鮍剶簱誹矧鸮峊鯯鱤荔洯鱝汒 涹硜賠礔潕懰瘐馓踓荍靶册苈蓩撐鏨 腵螋甗缣緆砐搽輆磟沑頣盕釲犛鮏釺 蟷燠櫧詑n1 n2 过眼云烟 n3 古古怪怪 n4 n5 n6男n7古古怪n8vvvvvvvn9方法n 2020陚瓦軺乛簺拤扒碔

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