分子生物学(杨洋)第七章 翻译课件
81页1、2020/9/19,1,Outline,Topics 1-4: Four components of translation machinery. T1-mRNA; T2-tRNA; T3-Attachment of amino acids to tRNA (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases); T4-ribosome Topic 5-7: Translation process. T5-initiation; T6-elongation; T7-termination.,2020/9/19,2,Translation processT5: Initiation of translationT6: Elongation of translationT7: termination of translation,2020/9/19,3,Overview of the events of translation,Termination,Elongation,Initiation,Topic 5: Initiation of translation,Three events
2、 must occur: ribosome must be recruited to mRNA 2. a charged tRNA must be placed into the P site of ribosome 3. the ribosome must be precisely positioned over the start codon,2020/9/19,6,start codon,One-base shift will result in the synthesis of completely unrelated polypeptide,The different structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic mRNA results in distinctly different means of translational initiation,2020/9/19,8,5-1 prokaryotic mRNAs are recruited to the small subunit by base pairing to rRNA,mRN
3、A,mRNA/ small subunit complex,2020/9/19,9,5-2 A specialized tRNA charged with modified methionine binds directly to prokaryotic small subunit,Initiator tRNA: fMet-tRNA (甲酰甲硫氨酸),fMet-tRNAfMet,2020/9/19,10,modified methionine,(甲酰甲硫氨酸),5-3 Three initiation factors (IF) direct the assembly of an initiation complex that contains mRNA and initiator tRNA,Translation initiation factors (IF): IF1: prevent tRNA from binding to the A site in the small subunit IF2: a GTPase that interacts with small subunit
4、, IF1 and initiator tRNA (fMet-tRNAfMet); IF2 can facilitate the association of fMet-tRNAfMet with the small subunit IF3: binds to the small subunit and blocks it from reassociating with large subunit, helps to dissociate the 70S ribosome into its large and small subunit,2020/9/19,12,Three binding site for tRNAs,A site: to bind the aminoacylated-tRNA P-site: to bind the peptidyl-tRNA E-site: to bind the uncharged tRNA,2020/9/19,13,Each of the initiation factors binds at or near one of the three
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