2021年高考英语语法专题课件：5名词（含习题及答案）

1、名词,概念：表示人、事物、地点和抽象概念名称的词：Mary, knife, America, advice,名词 分类,普 通 名 词,nut, port, theme, chapter, disaster, track, factor,不可数 名词,group, team, class, family, audience, crowd, majority,人名、地名、组织名、国家名等：Kate, London, China, the Great Wall,专有名词,抽象 名词,cattle, people, (the) police,oxygen, air, honey, butter,pride, justice, pressure, confidence,名词,单 复 数,不可数名词 ：无复数；前面不可直接加a,an或数词；表数量用a piece of 之类的结构,一般加S：guy, section, material, adult, procedure, aspect 以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es: mass, box, brush, branch, 但stomach加s

2、辅音字母+y结尾,y ies：strategy, policy, battery, company, supply,名词,单 复 数,f(e) ves：thief, wife, housewife, shelf, knife, leaf, wolf, loaf, self, half, life 直接加s: roof, proof, belief, chief, safe, chef, giraffe fves或直接加s: handkerchief, scarf,可数: 单复,加s: kangaroo, bamboo, zoo, photo, piano, studio 加es: volcano, hero, potato, tomato,名词,单 复 数,单复同行：series, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese oo ee：tooth, foot, goose man men: spokesman, spokeswoman ium/ ionia: bacterium, medium, criterion 其他： phenomenon phenomena, ox

3、oxen, mouse mice, child children,可数: 单复,名词,所 有 格,有生命的人或动物：Jims cat, the teachers office, Tom and Kates teacher 时间、距离、国家、城市、金额、重量等： todays news, Englands shore,无生命的东西：the cover of the book, the title of the novel,of,双重所有格,a play of Shakespeares, a friend of my wifes,名词,修 饰 词,只接可数名词复数：both, several, few, many, various, dozens of, a number of, each of, one of 只接不可数名词：much, little(少), a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰可数或不可数名词：some, any, plenty of, lots of, a large quantity of, quantiti

4、es of , masses of,句 法 作 用,做主语（谓语动词前）：His_ (achieve) earned him respect.,做宾语,动词后：He gave a_ (describe) of what he had seen.,介词后：We need food and water for_ (survive).,名词,description,survival,achievements,句 法 作 用,注意：在冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词等后要用名词,做表语系动词后,名词,Im a _ (sience) who studies animals.,scientist,语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。,1. (2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study . that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from al

5、l _ (cause).,由前面的all可知，要用复数形式。,causes,2. (2017全国卷) This trend, has had some unintended side _ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease,由前面的修饰语some可知，effect应用复数effects; 另外，从such as所举的例子overweight and heart disease (肥胖和心脏疾病)也可看出，不止一种副作用(side effects)。,effects,3. (2017全国卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _(crowd) on the roads 根据常识，不同公路上上下班的人群肯定不是一群人，而是一群一群的人，无数群的人，故填其复数形式crowds。 4. (2017全国卷) She has turned down several _ (invitation) to star at shows

6、 in order to concentrate on her studies. 由前面的several可知 ,要填其复数形式invitations。,invitations,crowds,5. (2016全国卷) The nursery team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister 由空格前的修饰语few，可知填day的复数形式days。 6. (2016全国卷) Recent _(study) show that we are far more productive 谓语动词为show，根据主谓一致原则，空格处应填study的复数形式studies。,days,studies,7. (2015全国卷) Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Ch

7、inese _ (painting).,由空格前的修饰语many可知，要填其复数形式paintings。,paintings,8. (2014全国卷) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work.,在句中做主语或冠词后应当用名词，change除作动词外也可作名词；其后的谓语动词是are，根据主谓一致原则，主语也应是复数，故填change的复数形式changes。,changes,9. (2019全国卷) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _ (believe) that populations are increasing.,由前面的不定冠词提

8、示我们，空格处应填名词，故填belief。,belief,10. (2018全国卷)This switch has decreased _(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.,作动词decreased的宾语, 用名词, 故填pollution。,pollution,11. (2016全国卷) Confucius influenced the _ (develop) of chopsticks. 作influenced的宾语用名词, 或者说在the后用名词。 12. (2019全国卷) When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. 由空格前的不定冠词an及形容词interesting

9、可知，空格处应该填名词，故填competition。,competition,development,13. (2017全国卷)This development was only possible with the _(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. 作介词(with)的宾语或者在冠词the后要用名词，表示“采用，引入”，故填 introduction。 14. (2017全国卷)She is determined to carry on with her _ (educate). 作介词(with)的宾语或在形容词性物主代词(her)后，要用名词。,introduction,education,15. (2016全国卷)Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _ (achieve). 在介词(of)后作宾语要用名词, 表示“成就”。,achievement,16. (2018全国卷)My name is Mireya Mayor. Im a _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. 根据句意及空格前的a可知, 此处填名词, 表示“科学家”，故填scientist。,scientist,17. (2016全国卷) But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _ (attract). 在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(top)”后应填名词，attraction指“吸引人的事物”。 18. (2015全国卷)In addition to t

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