1、形容词与副词,明确这两种词的基本意义以及在语句中的功能和位置, 如形容词具有修饰和限定作用,一般用来修饰名词,在语句中可用作定语和表语; 副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、其它副词或者句子,一般位于动词之后、形容词之前或者句子之首。,形容词和副词的学习要求:,形容词是修饰名词或代词,说明事物或人的性质或特征的词。 e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.,什么叫形容词?,形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分,eg: 1.He is a good student. 2. She is a beautiful girl. 3. I have a clever pet dog.,作定语,1.)单个形容词修饰名词或代词时顺序 直接放名词或代词前面,2)多个形容词做定语时的排列顺序 有时,一个名词前出现有多个形容词作定语,这时,它们的顺序一般须根据它们与被修饰的中心词之间关系的密切程度而定。在通常情况下,它们的顺序为大致遵循以下原则: 限定词(冠词等)-数量词-描绘形容词大小(长短高低)形状年龄(新旧)颜色国籍材料用途(类别)名词 Eg: I bought a
2、nice(好看的) small(小小的) round(圆形的) new(新的) yellow(黄色的) French (法国产的) oak(橡木做的) writing desk(写字台).,但是,以上情况并不绝对,例外的情况是常有的,况且以上规则也不好记。下面再介绍几条原则性的东西,供参考: 1. 总体描述在前,具体描述在后; 2. 主观描述在前,客观描述在后; 3. 普遍性描述在前,特殊性描述在后; 4. 音节少的词在前,音节多的词在后; 5. 与所修饰的名词关系不紧密的在前,关系紧密的在后。 注:有时,两个互补的形容词修饰同一个名词或代词,强调全部范围时,可用and / or连起来(如:old and young, long or short, male and female)放在名词或代词的后面,并且名词与形容词之间常用逗号隔开。 Visitors, old and young,were delighted. 不管老少,所有的参观者都很高兴。,Eg: an old Chinese stone bridge 一座古老的中国石桥 some beautiful little red f
3、lowers 一些美丽的小红花,一个年轻貌美的中国姑娘 一座白色的小石桥。,例题: 1) Tony is going camping with _ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 2) One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old,答案点拨:C 由“限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) -性质-名词“的公式可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。,答案点拨A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。,3).The house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. Little whi
4、te wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 5). Students are required to take part in the boat race. A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese,A,A,当形容词修饰由something/somebody, anything/anybody, nothing/nobody, everything/everybody等不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后. e.g.,1.Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper ? 2. I have something important to tell you.,3.)修饰不定代词时常后置 “不形”,例题: 1. Sam is hungry,
5、hed like to eat _delicious. A. some B. any C. something D. somewhere 2. Dont worry. There is _ about your illness. serious something B. anything serious C. nothing serious D. some thing There is _ in todays newspaper. Its boring. A. something new B. interesting new C. nothing new D. new nothing -Who can help us? -_. well do it ourselves A. Everyone else B. Else everyone C. Nobody else D. Else nobody,C,C,C,C,The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.,只能作表语,不能作定语的形容词,alone afraid
6、awake asleep alive able,作表语,所谓表语形容词即指只用于连系动词后作表语,而不能用于名词前作定语的形容词。这类形容词常见的有: 1.某些以a-开头的形容词: afraid 害怕的 alive 活着的 alone 单独的 ashamed 羞愧的 asleep 睡着的 awake 醒着的 Dont be afraid. 别怕。 Now the baby is asleep. 现在孩子睡着了。 He was alone in the house. 他独自一人在家里。 若要用作定语且具有以上意义,可改用其他形容词: 误:an asleep child, an ashamed girl, an alive poet 正:a sleeping child, a shy girl, a living poet,2.某些表示健康的形容词: fine 健康的 ill有病的 well身体健康的 “Hows your wife?” “Shes fine, thank you.” “你妻子好吗?”“她很好,谢谢。” He was ill and couldnt come. 他病了,所以
7、不能来。 【注】在美国英语中,表示健康状况的ill和well 有时也用作定语。另外,以上词语若不是表示以上意思,则可用作定语:fine weather 好天气,ill news 坏消息,3.某些描述感觉或心情的形容词: glad 高兴的 pleased 高兴的 sorry 难过的 Im glad to hear that. 听到这消息我很高兴。 You will be sorry about this later. 对这件事你以后会后悔的。 We are very pleased with the plan. 我们对这个计划很满意。 【注】若用于其他意思,则可用作定语,如 glad 表示“(感到)高兴的”时,只用作表语;若表示“令人高兴的”,则只用作定语(glad news 好消息)。,4.其他表语形容词: certain 确信的,一定的 sure 确信的,一定的 fond 喜欢的,温柔的 ready 准备好的,愿意的 unable 不能的 Im certain sure he will come. 我确信他会来。 He is fond of music. 他喜欢音乐。 We are
8、ready to do it. 我们已准备好做这事。 【注】若用于其他意义,有的也可用作定语,如 certain表示“某”时,只能用作定语:a certain person 某人。,例题: 1. She was _ (luck) to lose her money when she went shopping last weekend. 04西宁 2. This kind of skirt looks _ and sells_. 04天津 A. nice; well B. nice; good C. well; well D. good; nice,答案点拨:was是系动词,其后要跟形容词作表语,luck的形容词形式为lucky,但我们填上后发现句意不通:丢了钱她还能幸运吗?肯定是“不幸”,故应填它的反义词unlucky。,答案点拨:此题融合了形容词和副词使用的两个基本知识点:系动词后跟形容词作表语,实义动词后要用副词去修饰。look为半系动词,后接形容词,sell为实义动词,后接副词,而well作形容词时专指身体状况“好”,nice是形容词,不难得出答案为A。,3.What do y
9、ou think of the story written by Mark Twain? It is _. I like it. 04昆明 A. boring B. bored C. interested D. interesting,答案点拨:既然喜欢,说明它有趣,作表语,故选D。英语中一些动词有两种形容词化的形式:-ing 和-ed形式,它们的区别就在于: -ing形式一般作表语和定语,修饰物。如:It was an interesting book. The book is interesting.; -ed形式其主语常应该是人,而不是物。如: He became very interested in science. 他开始对科学非常感兴趣。,bored boring interested interesting moved moving amazed amazing surprised surprising confused confusing discouraged discouraging excited exciting,4. The apple tastes _ and sells _ . A. well; well B. good; good C. good; well D. well; good 5. Your answer sounds _ . A. correct B. correctly C. correctness D. correcting 6. They wat
《初中英语形容词和副词课件.ppt》由会员F****n分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《初中英语形容词和副词课件.ppt》请在金锄头文库上搜索。