细胞生物学210-15-1第十四章: 细胞衰老、死亡与癌变
70页1、1,Chapter 14,Cell Aging, Death, and Cancer,2,关于老龄化问题,3,14.1 Cell aging,衰老的概念 现代人类面临着3种衰老: 生理性衰老 病理性衰老 心理性衰老 衰老(aging, senescing)是机体在退化时期生理功能下降和紊乱的综合表现,是不可逆的生命过程。人的衰老与细胞的衰老相关联。,4,衰老基因,5,Hayflick界限,The possibility that the process of cell aging and death is under genetic control was first suggested in 1961 when Leonard Hayflick reported that normal human fibroblasts have a built-in limit to the number of times they can proliferate. His experiments revealed that fibroblasts taken from an embryo and
2、 grown in culture divide about 50 times before they deteriorate and die In contrast, fibroblasts taken from adults multiply only 15-30 times before dying. Fibroblasts isolated from young children suffering from Werners syndrome, a rare disease that causes youngsters to age prematurely, divide only 2-10 times in culture.,6,Microscopic appearance of young and old human fibroblasts Maintained in Tissue Culture (Left) Young fibroblasts that have divided a relatively small number of times in culture
3、exhibit a thin, elongated shape. (Right) After dividing about 50 times in culture, the cells undergo a variety of degenerative changes and eventually die. Note the striking difference in morphology between old and young cells.,7,Further evidence for a relationship between aging and a cells proliferative capacity came with the discovery that the number of times a cell can divide in culture is related to the life span(寿限)of the organism. Thus cells of the Galapagos tortoise, whose maximum life spa
4、n is about 175 years, divide more than a 100 times in culture before dying, whereas cells obtained from mice, whose life expectancy is only a few years, divide fewer than 30 times,8,Correlation between an Organisms Maximum Life Span and the Number of Times Its Cells Divide in Culture before Dying,9,14.1.3 细胞衰老的特征,细胞内水分减少 色素生成和色素颗粒沉积 细胞质膜的变化 线粒体的变化 细胞核的变化 细胞骨架的变化 蛋白质合成的变化,10,14.1.4 细胞衰老的理论,基因程序理论 损伤积累理论 端粒假说 线粒体损伤论 自由基理论,11,自由基攻击细胞的证据,12,青 春 常 在,13,14.2 Cell death and its regulation,Cell death ke
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