Assignment写作范文-《极地规则》

www.ocscf.org Assignment写作范文-极地规则这篇Assignment写作范文主要讨论了极地规则。极地规则是一部具有强制力的极地航运法律规则，它的制定有利于弥补现有立法的不足，通过强制性规范为国家间稳定关系提供解决方法、推动国际海事公法向综合性规定发展。极地规则的强制性是通过对上述人身安全公约与船舶污染公约进行补充修改而获得的，而且对公约缔约国来说是默示适用的。它的出现使得极地航行领域形成了具有强制力的国际统一标准，并为极地船舶航行安全及海洋环境保护提供了一定法律保障。The formulation of the polar rules is conducive to making up for the deficiencies of existing legislation, providing solutions to stable relations between countries through mandatory norms, and promoting the development of international maritime public law to comprehensive provisions. However, the polar rules are also faced with difficulties such as inconsistency with current maritime laws, difficulty in implementation and upgrading of traditional seaworthiness standards. China should, based on its exploration of the arctic shipping lanes, clearly position itself on arctic affairs, and fully respond to the polar rules by studying them in depth, taking the initiative to abide by the polar rules, making corresponding amendments to its domestic laws, and striving to improve its navigation capacity.For the international community, the conflict between navigation safety, environmental protection and commercial development in polar regions has always been an urgent problem to be solved. Against this background, IMO has taken many countermeasures according to the actual situation and previous international treaties and relevant provisions. Previously, polar maritime legislation was either too general or not mandatory, which resulted in the polar rules, a legal rule of polar shipping with mandatory force. The polar rules make up for the deficiencies of the existing legislation, supplement the international maritime public law system, and have mandatory binding force. It realizes the transformation from "soft law" to mandatory norms, and promotes the development of international maritime public law to comprehensive provisions, which is of great significance. In recent years, China has also made some attempts to utilize the arctic waters and shipping lanes. However, considering the geopolitical and natural environment impacts of the arctic shipping lanes, the commercial operation of the arctic shipping lanes still faces many risks and challenges.The safety of shipping and the protection of undeveloped areas are of vital importance to the extremely hostile but extremely vulnerable polar regions. Imo and the international community have always focused on it and issued a series of rules and methods.As the United Nations agency responsible for maritime navigation safety and pollution prevention, IMO has played an important role in maritime legislation in polar regions. At present, polar region legislation is mainly composed of two aspects: one is the universal international maritime convention applicable to global waters; On the other hand, it has obvious pertinence, that is, relevant guidance documents and rules specially formulated according to polar regions.Universal international maritime conventions include the international convention on the safety of life at sea, the international convention on standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers and its amendments, and the international convention on the prevention of pollution from ships and the 1978 protocol. The navigation rules for polar waters were developed by the IMO at the beginning of the 21st century. In 2002, the sub-committee on ship design and equipment submitted and reviewed the "operational guidelines for ships in arctic icebound waters", which was then implemented as an optional guide. But the guidelines apply only to frozen arctic waters, not all polar waters. Subsequently, driven by the report of the arctic council, the 26th IMO general assembly adopted the manual for the operation of ships in polar waters, which expanded the scope of application beyond the arctic ocean based on the 2002 arctic guide.However, the "guidelines" are, after all, only instructive, not mandatory. With the increasing demand of the shipping industry for polar development and the increasingly fierce competition for polar environmental resources among the countries around the polar regions, IMO realized that it was necessary to issue a mandatory law to regulate polar shipping activities and protect the ecological environment of the polar regions. Therefore, from 2009 onwards, the IMO began to formulate a mandatory polar shipping law, namely the international rules for the operation of ships in polar waters. In fact, the enforcement of the polar rules is obtained through supplementary amendments to the above personal safety convention and the pollution convention on ships, and is implicitly applicable to the states parties to the convention. The emergence of polar navigation has formed an international uniform standard with mandatory force, and provided a certain legal guarantee for the navigation safety of polar ships and Marine environmental protection.In recent years, with th