初中英语形容词与副词专项讲解与经典练习
形容词&副词（学习材料）形容词是用来表示人或事物的属性或特征的词，一般置于所修饰的名词之前。表示行为特征或性状特征的词叫副词，它用来修饰动词，形容词以及其他副词或整个句子。形容词和副词在语法结构中可用于比较级和最高级。一、形容词的用法1.形容词可以修饰名词和代词，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。例如： He is a good actor. 他是一名好演员。（定语） This bag is light, but that one is heavy. 这只包很轻，但那只很重。（表语） We think it important to learn English well. 我们认为学好英语很重要。（宾语补足语）2.名词化的形容词某些形容词前加定冠词the ,变成名词化的形容词。即“the+形容词”表示一类人或事物，作主语时要求谓语用复数动词。例如： The old today are taken good care of.如今，老人受到了良好的照顾。 The rich dont enjoy themselves. 那些富人并不快乐。3. 形容词的排序a. 一般情况下，形容词放在被修饰的名词之前。但是，当形容词修饰由some, any, every, no等构成的复合不定代词时，要后置。例如：I have something important to tell you.我有重要的事情告诉你。b. 当有几个形容词修饰名词时，这些形容词的位置由它们和被修饰名词的关系和密切程度来决定。一般来说，关系最密切的最靠近被修饰的名词，关系较远的离被修饰的名词也较远。例如： A beautiful little yellow flower is on the table.一朵美丽的小黄花在桌上。二副词的用法副词是用来修饰动词、形容词以及其他副词的词，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。在句中常常作状语，也可作定语和表语。1.频率副词和程度副词有always, usually, quite, almost, nearly。修饰动词时，一般放在助动词、情态动词和系动词之后，实义动词之前。例如：He usually goes to school by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上学。The boy can hardly say a word. 那个男孩几乎一言不发。2.时间副词和地点副词一般放在句尾，如果这两种副词同时出现在句中，则地点副词放在时间副词前面，也可将时间副词放在句首。例如：They did homework in the classroom yesterday. 昨天他们在教室里作作业。3.修饰形容词，一般情况下副词放在前面，但是enough除外。例如：These flowers are very beautiful. 这些花很漂亮。He is old enough to go to school. 他岁数够大了，可以上学了。三形容词、副词的比较级和最高级构成实例规则变化1单音节词尾加-er或-est,例如long-longer-longest clean-cleaner-cleanest few-fewer-fewest warm-warmer-warmest2以-e结尾的词只加-r，或-st，例如Nice-nicer-nicest late-later-latest wide-wider-widest3以辅音字母+y结尾的词，改y为i，再加-er或-est, 例如busy-busier-busiest early-earlier-earliest 4以重读闭音节结尾且只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该字母，再加-er或-est,例如fat-fatter-fattest thin-thinner-thinnest red-redder-reddest big-bigger-biggest 5多音节词和部分双音节在其前加more,最高级在其前家most,例如popular-more popular-the most popular (形容词前加the)slowly-more slowly-most slowly (副词前不加the)6少数词可有两种变化的方式，例如friendly-friendlier-friendliest 或 friendly-more friendly-the most friendly(该词既可以做形容词也可以做副词)不规则变化1good-better-best well-better-best2ill-worse-worst bad/badly-worse-worst 3many-more-most 4little-less-least5old-older-oldest 或old-elder-eldest older 一般指年龄大小elder指长幼关系(一般修饰名词作定语); 6far-farther/further-farthest/furthest. farther指距离更远；further指抽像的. 备注：最高级前面一般要加the四形容词变副词l 许多形容词后加后缀-ly变成副词，如果形容词是以辅音字母加y结尾的话，则先改y为i，然后再加ly. 例如quick-quickly strong-strongly usual-usually heavy-heavily easy-easier busy-busily angry-angrily bright-brightly wonderful-wonderfully careful-carefully 下面两词的变化稍有不同 true-truly terrible-terribly 需要注意的是，某些词本身既可作形容词，也可做副词，这些词有: hard, first, last, slow, fast, early, late,等；另外friendly, ugly, lovely等词虽以-ly结尾，但这些词本身都是形容词。五含有形容词原级、比较级、最高级的句型级别意义及构成示例原级1. as+原级+as“与.一样”1. This box is as heavy as yours.2. Fresh water is as dear as oil in this area.2. not+so/as+原级+as“与不一样”1. She is not as energetic as she used to be.2. Toms pronunciation is not as good as his sisters.比较级1. 形容词-er+than2. more+形容词+thanless+形容词+than“比.更.”1. I am four years old than he is.2. Now we speak more English than we did last term.3. It takes less time to go there by bus than by boat.4. The old man isnt in better health now than he was last year.5. The Summer Palace is more beautiful than any other park in Beijing.最高级1. 最高级+in/of2. most+形容词+in.least+形容词+of.表示“最”1. Autumn is the best season in Beijing.2. This is the most difficult of all the books here.3. The story is the least interesting of all.4. He ran most quickly in the school sports meeting.5. This is the most exciting match Ive ever watched.有时比较级表达的是最高级的意思1. He is quiter than any other student in class.2. Sydney is more beautiful than the other cities in the world.3. No human being has traveled farther in space than the moon.4. We have never drunk a better wine than this French one.如果有定语从句时，用最高级1. He is the kindest person I have ever met.2. That is the worst film they have ever seen. 形容词&副词（课后练习）一、 写出下列形容词和副词的比较级和最高级1. fine _ 2. quick _3. little _ 4. early _5. slowly _ 6. well _7. interesting _ 8. safe _9. bravely _ 10. far _ 11. few _ 12. thin _二用所给词的适当形式填空1. The boy is the _ (tall) of the two.2. It is _ (exciting) to travel by air than by sea.3. The river is the _ (deep) of all.4. He listens to the teacher _ (careful) than she.5. I write _ (good) than you.答案：一1. fine finer finest 2. quick quicker quickest 3. little less least 4. early earlier earliest 5. slowly
