美国essay写作-美国的保险资产管理

essay写作网（www.lxws.net）-专业留学生作业辅导中心美国essay写作-美国的保险资产管理American insurance assets have flexible investment methods and wide channels of capital utilization, mainly invested in government and corporate bonds, stocks, mortgages, real estate and policy loans. In life insurance assets, bonds have been the most important investment, accounting for more than 50%; Since the 1990s, the share of stocks has been rising gradually, and it has remained at nearly 30% in the recent decade. It has surpassed mortgage as the second largest investment. The share of mortgage loans has been declining, accounting for 6.7% on average from 2002 to 2011. The proportion of policy loans and real estate investment is not high, which is maintained below 3% and 1% for a long time. Assets of us life insurance companies are divided into general accounts and independent accounts, and their asset allocation structures are significantly different. In 2011, stocks accounted for 2% of general accounts and 72% of bonds. Independent accounts, by contrast, have a bond weighting of 14% and a stock weighting of 79%. Since the 1990s, the scale of independent account asset management has increased significantly, which is the main reason for the increase of the proportion of shares in us life insurance companies.美国保险资产具有灵活的投资方式和广泛的资本使用渠道，主要投资于政府和公司债券、股票、抵押贷款、房地产和政策性贷款。在寿险资产中，债券是最重要的投资，占比超过50%；90年代以来，股票份额逐步上升，近十年保持在近30%的水平。它已超过抵押贷款，成为第二大投资。抵押贷款占比一直在下降，2002年至2011年平均为6.7%。政策性贷款和房地产投资比例不高，长期保持在3%和1%以下。美国寿险公司的资产分为一般账户和独立账户，资产配置结构存在显著差异。2011年，股票占一般账户的2%，债券占72%。相比之下，独立账户的债券权重为14%，股票权重为79%。自20世纪90年代以来，独立账户资产管理规模显著扩大，这是美国寿险公司股份比例上升的主要原因。American insurance industry investment efficiency and high stability, in the life insurance industry, for example, in the 1980 s to the early 90 s, life insurance net assets yield changes within the range of 8% 9%, generally remain above 7%, in the 90 s in the 20th century, influenced by the macro economic situation and financial policy yields fell, the range of 5% 6%, since the 2008 global financial crisis further below 5%, the average net margin for three years from 2009 to 2011 by 4.43%. Although the investment income of life insurance assets has been generally declining since 1980, the current yield is still at a relatively high level and in a stable state compared with other countries and industries if the factors such as the economic growth rate, interest rate cycle and inflation rate of the United States are taken into account. American insurance assets have maintained a high level of income and stability for a long time, because insurance companies have a sound investment management system, advanced investment philosophy, efficient investment strategy, technical means and risk control ability, and take into account the principles of profitability, safety and liquidity of insurance funds.美国保险业投资效率高、稳定性高，在寿险业中，如80年代至90年代初，寿险净资产收益率变化幅度在8%9%之间，一般保持在7%以上，20世纪90年代受MACR影响。o经济形势和金融政策收益率下降5%6%，自2008年全球金融危机以来进一步低于5%，2009年至2011年三年平均净利润率为4.43%。虽然寿险资产投资收益自1980年以来总体呈下降趋势，但在经济增长率、利率周期、通货膨胀等因素影响下，与其他国家和行业相比，目前收益率仍处于较高水平，处于稳定状态。n考虑美国的税率。长期以来，美国保险资产一直保持着较高的收入水平和稳定性，因为保险公司具有健全的投资管理体系、先进的投资理念、高效的投资策略、技术手段和风险控制能力，并考虑到保险基金的盈利能力、安全性和流动性原则。The United States is a typical country that strictly regulates the insurance industry, and implements the dual supervision system with the state government as the main body and the federal government as the coordination and guidance. The federal government has an insurance bureau that is responsible for specific obligations such as federal flood insurance, crop insurance and crime insurance. The national association of insurance commissioners is a nonprofit organization that also oversees insurance. In recent years, affected by the financial crisis and the actual need to strengthen risk management, the regulatory coordination function of the association of insurance supervisors of the United States has been continuously enhanced, playing an increasingly important role in information exchange, minimum solvency requirements, financial evaluation system, technical legal assistance and regulatory coordination.美国是一个典型的严格监管保险业的国家，实行以州政府为主体、以联邦政府为协调指导的双重监管体制。联邦政府设有一个保险局，负责联邦洪水保险、农作物保险和犯罪保险等具体义务。全国保险专员协会是一个非营利组织，也监督保险。近年来，受金融危机的影响和加强风险管理的实际需要，美国保险监管协会的监管协调职能不断增强，在信息交流中发挥着越来越重要的作用。最低偿付能力要求、财务评估体系、技术法律援助和监管协调。American state governments are the subjects of insurance supervision within their jurisdictions. They all have insurance bureaus, which, according to their insurance laws, exercise the right of insurance supervision centering on solvency and protecting the interests of the insured. A multi-level investment supervision system has been established, and channel management and proportion restriction have been strictly implemented. For example, the insurance law of New York state stipulates that the proportion of equity investment of insurance companies in common shares, partnership shares and other equity shall not exceed 20% of their usable assets, the proportion of investment in real est