英美文学常识必备!!!
1 英国文学英国文学(English Literature) 450-1066 Old English (or Anglo-Saxon) Period 古英语（或盎格鲁撒克逊）时期 1066-1500 Middle English Period 中古英语时期 1500-1660 1516-1578 1578-1625 1625-1660 The Renaissance 文艺复兴 1) The beginning of the Renaissance 2) The flowering period 3) The epilogue of the Renaissance 1660-1785 The Neoclassical Period 新古典主义时期 1785-1830 The Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期 1832-1901 The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期 1901-1914 The Edwardian Period 爱德华时期 1910-1936 The Georgian Period 乔治五世时期 1914 - The Modern Period 现代时期 1945 - Postmodernism 后现代主义 一、一、 Old and Medieval English Literature中古英语文学 (8 世纪-14 世纪) 1) The Old English Period / The Anglo-Saxon Period古英语时期 (449-1066) a. pagan poetry(异教诗歌): Beowulf贝奥武甫- 最早最早的诗歌；长诗(3000 行) heroism a heroic Scandinavian epic legend; 善恶有报 b. religious poetry: Caedmon(凯德蒙 610-680): the first known religious poet; the father of English song Cynewulf(基涅武甫 9C): The Christ c. 8th C, Anglo-Saxon prose: Venerable Bede(673-735); Alfred the Great(848-901) 2) The Medieval Period 中世纪 (1066-ca.1485 / 1500): a. Romance 中世纪传奇故事 (1200-1500): the Middle Ages; 英雄诗歌 无名诗人 - Sir Gawain and the Green Knight高文爵士与绿色骑士: Celtic legend; verse-romance; 2530 lines 14th C, Age of Chaucer: * Geoffrey Chaucer(乔叟 1340-1400): 文风：vivid and exact language, his poetry is full of vigor and swiftness the father of English poetry; the father of English fiction; 首创“双韵体”; 首位用伦敦方言写作英国作家 The Canterbury Tales: pilgrims stories 受Boccaccio(薄伽丘) - Decameron十日谈启发 The House of Fame; Troilus and Criseyde; The Romaunt of the Rose玫瑰罗曼史(译作) * William Langland(朗兰 1332-1400)：The Vision of Piers Plowman农夫皮尔斯之幻象: 普通人眼中的社会抗议 b. 15th C, English ballads: Thomas Malory (1395-1471) : Morte dArthur亚瑟王之死- 圆桌骑士 二、二、The Renaissance Period英国文艺复兴 (1500-1660): humanism 十四行诗，文艺复兴，无韵诗，伊丽莎白戏剧 1) 诗歌诗歌 Henry Howard(霍华德 1516-1547) a. Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特 1503-1542): the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature b. Sir Philip Sidney(雪尼爵士 1554-1586)：代表了当时的理想 - “the complete man” Defense of Poetry为诗辩护 Astrophel and Stella; Arcadia阿卡狄亚: a prose romance filled with lyrics; a forerunner of the modern world c.Edmund Spenser(斯宾塞 1552-1599): the poets poet; non-dramatic poet of伊丽莎白时代 - long allegorical romance 文风：a perfect melody, a rare sense of beauty and a splendid imagination. The Shepherd Calendar The Faerie Queen仙后：long poem for Queen Elizabeth; Allegory - nine-line verse stanza/ the Spenserian Stanza Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗体): Nine lines, the first eight lines is in iambic(抑扬格) pentameter(五步诗), and the ninth line is an iambic hexameter(六步诗) line. 2 2) Prose 散文 a. Thomas More(莫尔 1478-1535): 欧洲早期空想社会主义创始人 Utopia乌托邦: More与海员的对话 b. John Lyly (黎里 1553-160，剧作家 近代唯物主义哲学奠基人和近代实验科学先驱 the trumpeter of a new age; Essays(论说文集)：Of Studies, Of Love, Of Beauty: the first true English prose classic 3) 戏剧戏剧 a. Christopher Marlowe(马洛 1564-1593): University Wits 大学才子派 Edward II；The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人 first made blank verse(无韵诗：不押韵的五步诗) the principle instrument of English drama The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博士的悲剧 ：根据德国民间故事书写成; 完善了无韵体诗。 Tamburlaine the Great帖木儿大帝 ：残酷而野心勃勃的帝王 b. William Shakespeare(剧作家 现实主义创始人 16 comedies : Merchant of Venice (Shylock; Antonio; Bassanio; Portia); The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记 A Mid-Summer Nights Dream; As You Like It皆大欢喜; The Twelfth Night; The Comedy of Errors; Much Ado About Nothing无事生非; The Winters Tale冬天的故事; All is Well that Ends Well终成眷属 11 tragedies: Romeo and Juliet; Hamlet; Macbeth麦克白; The Tempest暴风雨 Othello: a hero Othello vs. bad man Iago; Venice and Cyprus King Lear: British King; greatest achievement; most complex in plot and most painful 10 historical plays: Henry IV; Henry V c. Ben Jonson(琼生 1562-1637 诗人 Volpone狐狸; The Alchemist炼金术士 三、 17 世纪文学世纪文学 1) Literature of the Revolution Period (Age of Milton)资产阶级革命时期: poetry (Metaphysical 玄学派+ Cavalier骑士派) a. John Donne(多恩 1572-1631)：玄学派玄学派创始人; A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning临别辞：莫悲伤 文风：obscene, vulgar and serious philosophical thinking the conflict between body and soul The Holy Sonnets; The Flea; Go and Catch a Falling Star; The Songs and Sonnets（主题-爱） b. John Milton(弥尔顿 1608-1674)：Renaissance and Reformation (宗教改革) Paradise Regained复乐园; Paradise Lost失乐园: the greatest English epic; Satan is the hero Samson Agonistes力士参孙 ：closet drama; for reading rather than performing; On His Blindness目盲自咏; Areopagitica论出版自由; Comus; Lallegro快乐的人; Lycidas c. John Bunyan(班扬 1628-1688): prose writing in the Puritan Age; 文风：simple and lively prose style The Pilgrims Progress天路历程: prose allegory depicting a human soul searching for salvation 宗教寓言 “具有永恒意义的百科全书”，英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁神曲 、奥古斯丁忏悔录并列世界世界三大宗教题材文学杰作三大宗教题材文学杰作。 2) Literature of the Restoration Period (Age of Dryden)王政复辟/德莱顿时期: tendancy to Realism and Formalism restoration literature: cliquish culture小集团文化; French classical taste a. John Dryden (德莱顿 1631-1700, 批评家 the father of English Criticism e
