1990年考研英语阅读真命题及其详细解析
''1990年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 阅读Section IIReading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus. A new phase in space exploration has begun.The planet Venus is only slightly smaller than Earth; it is the only other object in the solar system, in fact, that even comes close to earths size. Venus has a similar density, so it is probably made of approximately the same stuff, and it has an atmosphere, complete with clouds. It is also the closest planet to earth, and thus the most similar in distance from the sun. In short, Venus seems to justify its long-held nickname of “earths twin.”The surface temperature of Venus reaches some 900F. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earths: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Water is all but nonexistent.Born with so many fundamental similarities to earth, how did Venus get to be so radically different: It is not just an academic matter. For all its extremes, Venus is a valuable laboratory for researchers studying the weather and climate of earth. It has no earths oceans, so the heat transport and other mechanisms are greatly simplified. In addition, the planet Venus takes 243 earth-days to turn once on its axis, so incoming heat from the sun is added and distributed at a more leisurely, observable pace.一、词汇1shuttle n. 返汽车(列车，飞机)；航天飞机，航天器2release v. 放出，释放3.probe n. 探测4.phase n. 阶段5.density n. 密度6.approximately ad. 大概，大约7.stuff n. 材料，东西8.passes for被当成9.sulfuric a. 硫的10. acid n. 酸性物质，酸11. axis n. 轴(线)12.leisurely ad. 慢慢地，悠然地 二、长难句1. In May 1989, space shuttle “Atlantis” released in outer space the space probe “Megallan,” which is now on her 15-month and one-billion-kilometer flight to Venus.该句主干为space shuttle “Atlantis” released the space probe “Megallan”，which引导的定语从句做后置定语，修饰先行词the space probe “Megallan”。翻译：1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，使其开始了前往金星、航行时间十五个月、距离十亿公里的外太空航行。2. Added to that is an atmospheric pressure about 90 times Earths: High overhead in the carbon dioxide (CO2) that passes for air is a layer of clouds, perhaps 10 to 20 miles thick, whose little drops consist mostly of sulfuric acid (H2SO4).冒号前的句子是倒装句，正常语序为an atmospheric pressure is added to that，冒号后的部分对也是倒装句，正常语序为a layer of clouds high overhead in the carbon dioxide。That和whose引导的定语从句分别修饰先行词the carbon dioxide (CO2)和a layer of clouds。翻译：此外，其气压约为地球的90倍：高空中被看作是空气的二氧化碳形成了一层厚约10到20 公里的浓云，而浓云的主要成分为硫酸。三、文章结构分析本文是一篇有关金星和地球之间物理特性异同的说明文。文章主要从体积、密度、构成物质、大气成分、与太阳间的距离、行星表面温度、气压、空气成分、储水量以及太阳热量吸收和散发方式等方面对二者进行了比较。第一段：由“麦哲伦”号的升空引入探索金星的话题。第二段：阐述了金星与地球在体积、密度、构成物质、大气成分、与太阳间的距离等方面的相似之处。第三段：从行星表面温度、气压、空气成分、储水量等方面探讨了金星与地球之间的差异。第四段：指出研究金星的目的在于更好地了解地球，并说明能够实现该目的的原因。四、试题具体分析11.Venus is similar to Earth in _.11. 金星和地球在_上是相近的。A size and densityA 体积和密度B distance from the sunB 同太阳之间的距离C having atmosphereC 拥有大气层D all of the aboveD 以上所有方面 分析本题考查的知识点是：具体细节。文章第二段主要阐述了金星和地球的相似之处。句分别指出，太阳系中金星是在体积上唯一与地球接近的行星；金星的密度也与地球相近，且金星上也有大气；在同太阳之间的距离上，地球和金星也是接近的。即，二者在体积和密度、同太阳之间的距离和是否拥有大气层方面都是相似的，故D选项正确。A、B、C选项都只片面地概括了二者相似点中的一个方面。12.The greatest value in studying Venus should be to _.12. 研究金星最大的价值应在于_.A allow us to visit thereA 使我们能够游览金星B understand Earth betterB 更好地了解地球C find a new source of energyC 找到新的能量来源D promote a new space programD 推出一个新的太空计划 分析本题考查的知识点是：推理引申。文章第四段句指出：由于金星所有的极端特性，对于研究地球天气和气候的人们来说它是很重要的实验室。B选项是对该句的概括，故正确。A、C选项无中生有，文中并未谈及去金星旅游以及探查新的能量来源的话题。D选项是利用原文词汇a new phase, space exploration编造的干扰项，对金星的研究的目的却不是为了推出一个新的太空计划。13.The main idea of this passage is about _.13. 本文的主旨是关于_。A problems of space travelA 太空旅行的问题B scientific methods in space explorationB 太空探索的科学方案C the importance of Venus to EarthC 金星对地球的重要性D conditions on VenusD 金星上的环境 分析本题考查的知识点是：文章主旨。文章第一段引出金星探测的话题。第二、三段指出了金星和地球在物理特性方面的异同。第四段指出了研究金星的目的。可见，文章谈及金星同地球之间的异同为了说明其对地球的重要性，故C选项正确。A、B选项分别是利用第一段词汇space和 space exploration设置的干扰项，文章并未涉及太空旅行的问题和太空发开的科学方案。D选项太窄，只是对文章第二、三段的概括，不足以概括全文。五、全文翻译1989年5月，“亚特兰蒂斯”号航天飞机将“麦哲伦”号金星探测器释放到外太空，使其开始了前往金星、航行时间十五个月、距离十亿公里的外太空航行。太空探测领域的一个新阶段开始了。金星只比地球稍小点，事实上，它是太阳系里在体积上唯一与地球接近的行星。金星的密度同地球相似，因此，两者很可能几乎由同种物质构成，而且金星上也有大气层和云层。它也是离地球最近的行星，因而，两者同太阳的距离也是最接近的。简而言之，金星似乎证明了其长久以来的昵称“地球的孪生姊妹”是实至名归的。金星表面温度可达到华氏900 度。此外，其气压约为地球的90倍：高空中被看作是空气的二氧化碳形成了一层厚约10到20 公里的浓云，而浓云的主要成分为硫酸。在金星上液态的水几乎是不存在的。
