【自学考试】-英语(二)下册全书复习资料精华

【自学考试】英语（二）全书复习资料精华UNIT 11、 word studyobjective,accompany,argue,defineobjective a.客观的，真实的。如实的，无偏见的。We have to accept the objective reality as it is.我们必须接受客观事实。The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgement.文学批评家在分析和评价时应尽量不偏不倚。n.目标，目的。People work hard to carry out the economic objectives of the Ninth Five-Year Plan.人们为了实现第九个五年规划的经济目标而努力工作。My objective for the present is to pass the oral exam.我目前的目标是通过口试。accompanyvt./vi.1、伴随，陪同；2、为。伴奏The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil.演唱者由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏。The lonely old man is accompanied by his dog.这位孤独的老人让他的狗作伴。All orders must be accompanied with cash.所有的订货单必须随附现金。arguevt./vi.争辩，争论，辩论作不及物动词用时，后边可以接with,about或over，for（赞成）或against（反对）。She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.她总喜欢为极小的问题进行争论。He often argues philosophy with James.他常和詹姆斯讨论哲学。He argued for immediate action.他主张立即行动。They argued against such a policy.他们反对这种政策。vt.1、说服；2、用辩论说服argue into（out of）doing sth. 说服某人做（不做）某事。I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.我说服他不做这样危险的旅行。He argued that man was descended from apes.他论证人类的祖先是猿。definevt.1、解释，给。下定义；2、限定，规定。Work is defined as the product of a force and the distance through which its point of application moves in the direction of the force.功的定义是力和力的着力点沿力的方向移动的距离的乘积。He has defined his position on the issues.他已表明自己在这些问题上的立场。2、 常考句型1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。P1A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。P2Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。P3If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。P3For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like.5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。P4For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的-哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。P6Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestthat is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7、就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。P6In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。P7Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .3、 习题1.单词英译汉goal, objective, accomplish, predict, accompany, implement, tendency, achievement, argue, budget, define, entity, 2.词组英译汉in the way, in part, point of view, contribute to, to apply for, in hand, to turn down 3.句子英译汉与常考句型相同。4.Text A 汉译英决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。 If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。Decision makers often play the key role in the development of the business of a company. Decision makers are usually key people who determine the company's business development.4、历年试题1. Almost everything a manager does _ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。 答案是involves . 考点: involve 为谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _(make). (99.4) 答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision. 3. If you are now_your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4) A. in B. at C. between D. among 答案是A. 4. Almost everything a manager does_decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4) A. imposes B. improvise C. involves D. indicates 答案为C . 5. When_(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. 答案为presented . 考点： present 是过去分词作状语。 6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_(make) today may have consequences far into the future. 答案是made . 考点：make 是过去分词作定语， 修饰decision . 7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。   答案：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be. 1. 决策的目的是为了实现组织的目标。 答：The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals. 2. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。 答： The decision-making process is fundamental to business management. 3. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。 答：Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. 4