数控车床常见故障的诊断与维修

the principle of simplified EIA of construction projects in the region. In terms of land, linked to the implementation of urban and rural construction land increase and decrease, replacement indicators for priority areas project. Charges, into the projects of water, electricity, administrative charges and preferential policies. In the area of taxation, and settled in areas of industry and its production company, within 5 years after the completion of fiscal incentives to enterprises. In terms of financing, integration of land, tax, financial and other resources, and construct "Government credit + business credit" credit system, establishment of marketization, commercialization and modernization of the investment and financing platform; effective Bank-enterprise docking, encourages private capital into the Park, to raise industry development fund. 5, optimize the environment and service industries. To create "policy lowlands, Highlands, integrity of service land, development land" as the goal, to optimize the area under development environment. All administrative law enforcement departments to appoint a full-time personnel stationed in areas dedicated to coordinating and solving problems associated with businesses in this sector. When there are substantial issues, sector leaders arranged to personally intervene, in-person, in-person push tangible area building a green light, easy line. To further reduce and standardize administrative examination and approval items, simplify examination and approval links, improve efficiency; according to the .Since the educational practice of the mass line of the party, himself seriously in the education, practical control central "eight rules" and opposing "the four winds" and practicing "three Suns", and check the spirit of Jiao Yulu, ideology, solicit opinions based on outstanding problems checked swing, careful analysis and reflection. Will now check report is as follows: first, adherence to the party's political discipline, eight in the central provision, change the style of the basic situation of 1, in compliance with the party's political disciplines. Conscientiously abide by the party's political discipline, abide by the Constitution and the rules and regulations of the party, in the political, ideological and maintain highly consistent with the CPC Central Committee on the action, there is no violation of the party's political discipline problems. 2, in the implementation of the central authorities of the eight provisions. Improving research, improving research methods, but there are less grass-roots units, primary first-hand an inadequate grasp of the problem, which is to be strengthened in the future. Second, construction, strictly in accordance with the provisions to streamline and improve the quality of meetings of the Conference. Third, streamlining file briefs, culture involves all aspects of propaganda and ideology, sometimes due to the practical needs of invention notifications, this area needs further 第九章 数控车床常见故障的诊断与维修一.数控车床诊断与维修概述1数控车床故障诊断与维修的概念。数控车床综合应用了计算机.自动控制.精密测量 .现代机械制造和数据通信等多种技术，是机加工领域典型的机电一体化设备。 要充分发挥数控车床的效率，就要求机床的开动率高，这就给数控车床提出了可靠性的要求。衡量可靠性的主要指标是平均无故障工作时间（MBTF）。MBTF = 总工作时间/总故障次数我国每年有近千台数控车床的产量，由于一些用户对数控车床的故障不能及时作出正确的判断和排除，目前国内各行业中数控车床的开动率平均仅达到20%-30%。数控车床的故障诊断与维修是数控车床使用过程中重要的组成部分，也是目前制约数控车床发挥作用的因素之一，因此数控车床的使用单位培养掌握数控车床的故障诊断与维修的技术人员，有利于提高数控车床的使用率。2. 数控车床的故障类型与特点。（1）数控车床的故障类型。数控车床故障是指数控车床失去了规定的功能。按照数控车床故障频率的高低，车床使用期可以分为三个阶段，即初始运行期.相对稳定运行期和衰老期。数控车床从整机安装调试后至运行一年左右的时间成称为车床的初始运行期。在这段时间内，机械处于磨合状态，部分电子元器件在电气干扰中经受不了初期的考验而损坏，所以数控车床在这一段时间内的故障比较多。 数控车床在经过了初始运行期就进入了相对稳定期，车床在该时期仍然会产生故障，但是故障频率相对减少，数控车床的相对稳定期一般为7-10年。数控车床经过相对稳定期之后就进入了衰老期，由于机械的磨损.电气元件的品质因数下降，数控车床的故障率又开始增大。数控车床的故障种类很多，可分为以下几类：A. 按照故障起因关联性故障和非关联性故障，所谓非关联性故障是由于运输.安装等原因造成的故障。关联性故障可分为系统性故障和随机故障，系统性故障是指数控车床在一定条件下必然会出现的故障。一般随机故障是指偶然出现的故障，由于机械结构局部松动.系统控制软件不完善.硬件工作特性曲线下降.电气元件品质因数降低等原因造成的。B. 数控车床有诊断显示故障和无诊断显示故障：数控车床故障按有无分为有诊断显示故障和无诊断显示故障。有诊断显示故障一般与控制部分有关，故障发生后可以根据故障报警信号找到故障的原因。无诊断显示故障往往表现为工作台停留在某一位置不能运动，依靠手动操作也无法使工作台动作，这类故障的排除相对于有诊断显示故障的排除要大。C. 数控车床的破坏性故障和非破坏性故障：数控车床的故障按照性质可分为破坏性故障和非破坏性故障。对于短路.因伺服系统失控造成“飞车”等故障称为破坏性故障，在维修和排除这些故障时不允许故障重复出现，因此维修有一定难度；对于非破坏性故障，可以经过多次试验.重演故障来分析故障原因，故障的排除相对容易一些。D. 数控车床的电气故障和机械故障：数控车床的故障按发生部位可分为电气故障和机械故障。电气故障一般发生在系统装置.伺服驱动单元和车床电气等控制部位。电气故障一般是因为电气元气件的品质因数下降.元器件焊接松动.接插件接触不良或损坏等因素引起，这些故障表现为时有时无。例如某电子元器件的漏电流较大，工作一段时间后，其漏电流随环境温度的升高而增大，导致元器件工作不正常，影响了相应电路的正常工作。当环境温度降低以后，故障又消失了。这类故障靠目测是很难查找的，一般要借助测量工具检查工作电压.电流或测量波形进行分析。 机械故障一般发生在机械运动部位。机械故障可分为功能型故障.动作型故障.结构型故障和使用型故障。功能型故障主要指工件加工精度方面的故障，这些故障是可以发现的，如加工精度不稳定.误差大等。动作型故障是指车床的各种动作故障，可以表现为主轴不转.工件夹不紧.刀架定位精度低.液压变速不灵活等。结构型故障表现为主轴发热.主轴箱噪声大.机械传动有异常.产生切削振动等。使用型故障主要是指操作和使用不当引起的故障，例如过载引起机件损坏等，机械故障一般可以通过维护保养和精心调整来预防。E. 自诊断故障：数控系统有自诊断故障报警系统，它随时监测数控系统的硬件.软件和伺服系统等的工作情况。当这些部分出现异常时，一般会在监视器上显示报警信息或指示灯报警显示故障号，这些故障可称为自诊断故障。自诊断故障系统可以协助维修人员查找故障，是故障检查和维修工作中十分重要的依据。对出现的报警信息要进行仔细分析，因为可能有多种故障因素引起同一种报警信息。F. 人为故障和软（硬）故障：人为故障是指操作员.维护人员对数控车床还不熟悉或没有按照使用手册要求，在操作和调整时处理不当而造成的故障。硬故障是指车床的硬件损坏造成的故障。软故障是指由于数控加