英语语法-现在完成时讲解
第六讲 现在完成时1. 概念：1）、表示动作或状态在过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还要持续下去, 常和 for, since, 连用, 表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词.eg: We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年以来我们一直住在这里. ( 说明一直住在这里, 也许还会住下去. ) She has worked in Nanning for five years. She has been ill for a week. 2）表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果. eg: I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔弄丢了. ( 过去某时丢的, 现在还没有找到 ) I have already watched the TV play. 我已经看过这部电视剧了.- Have you had your lunch yet ? 你吃过午饭了吗? - Yes, I have just had it. 是的, 我刚吃过. ( 说明现在饱了) 2. 结构: 主语 + have / has + done + 3. 句型: 肯定句: 主语 + have / has + done + eg： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海. I have finished doing my homework. 我已经完成我的作业了. 否定句: 主语 + have / has + not +done + eg： I havent seen this film. 我没有看过这部电影. eg： She hasnt finished doing his homework. 她还没有完成她的作业. 一般疑问句： Have / Has + 主语 + done + eg: Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. / No, I havent . 你看过这部电影吗? 是的, 看过. / 不, 没有. eg： Has she finished doing his homework ? Yes, she has . / No, she hasnt. 她完成她的作业了吗? 是的, 完成了. / 不, 没有. 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 + have / has + 主语 + done + eg: When has you seen this film ? 你什么时候看的这部电影? eg: Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业? 4. 时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用，这些词有：for 、since、 already、 yet、 ever、 never、 recently、just、before、 so far、 by now、 等连用. 注意: for+一段时间 since+过去的某一个时间点 I have lived in Nanning for ten years. I have lived in Nanning since ten years ago/ 2002. I havent eaten anything for ten hours. I ha havent eaten anything since 6am. already :用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末. I have already finished my homework. yet: 用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末. Have you finished your homework yet? I havent finished my homework yet. ever: 曾经 用于疑问句中： Have you ever been to Beijing? Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗? never: 未曾 从未 I have never traveled by plane before. 我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.recently：最近 用于肯定 否定 疑问句中 I have been busy recently. We have not seen Tom recently. Have they been here recently. eg: I have just seen Tom. I havent heard of it before. 我以前从来没有听说过这件事. They have planted 2000 trees so far. The child has learned 100 English words by now.5. 当与一段时间连用时, 经常用for 加一段时间, 这时候谓语动词一定要用延续性的. 非延续性动词-延续性动词 改错：They have got married for ten years. I have borrowed this book for a week. get married- be married borrow - keep come - be here go - be away / off buy - have start / begin - be on leave - be away die - be dead arrive-be in/at join-be in /be a member of stop-be over return-be back open/close-be closed/openeg: He came here three days ago. 他三天前来的这. (一般过去时) He has been here for three days. 他来这已经三天了. (现在完成时与一段时间连用, 非延续性动词变延续性动词. ) He went to Dalian last week. 他上周去的大连. ( 一般过去时 )He has been away for a week. 他已经离开有一周了. ( 现在完成时 )I bought the book last month. 我去年买的这本书. ( 一般过去时 ) I have had the book for a month. 我保管这本书有一周了. ( 现在完成时 ) The football match started an hour ago. The football match has been on for an hour. 6. 词义辨析 have been to 曾经去过某地，说话时已经从某地回来或者已从该地去了其他的地方。 eg: I have been to Canada. 我去过加加拿大. have gone to 已经去了某地，书说话时还未回来。 eg: He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连. have been in 已在某地待了多久，大地方用in 小地方用at, 后面是副词则不用介词 The Greens have been in China for two years. 7. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）、侧重点不用， 现在完成时是与现在有关的时态， 侧重于过去的动作对现在造成影响， 而一般过去时是一种过去的时态， 侧重于表示过去的动作， 与现在无关。 I went the zoo yesterday. 尽说昨天去了动物园，与现在无关。 Li lei has read the book. 说明李雷理解那本书。 2）、与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：for 、since、 already、 yet、 ever、 never、 recently、just、before、 so far、 by now、而一般过去时则常与 yesterday, ago last, in 20000, just now, 连用。
