非谓语动词@高考直通车
语法专项突破系列 5. 非谓语动词,考点1 非谓语动词作状语 1. 不定式作状语,I was satisfied to hear the news. (原因状语) To meet the movie star I got up very early. (目的状语) I rushed to school only to find nobody was there. (结果状语),【点津】不定式表结果的固定结构: only/just to. . . ; too. . . to. . . ; so/such as to. . . ; . . . enough(for sb. )to. . .,2. 分词作状语,Not knowing what to do, I had to wait here. Given more attention, the children could have grown better. Absorbed in reading, we all didnt hear the sound. Having driven all day, we were rather tired.,【点津】把握分词与句子逻辑主语之间的关系, 区别现在分词与过去分词; 不定式作结果状语为主观上意想不到的结果, 现在分词作结果状语为客观上、顺其自然而产生的结果; 准确理解形容词化的过去分词作状语的用法; 现在分词的完成式having done或者完成被动式having been done, 都是表示分词的动作和句子主语之间是主动关系, 同时分词动作先于句子谓语动词主动或者被动发生。,3. 有些分词或不定式短语作状语, 其形式的选择不受上下文的影响。常见的有: generally speaking 一般来说 frankly speaking 坦白地说 judging from/by. . . 根据来判断 considering. . . /taking. . . into consideration 考虑到 to tell you the truth 说实话,seeing. . . 鉴于/由于 supposing 假设, 如果 assuming 假使 given 考虑到, 鉴于 provided(that. . . ) 如果,4. 独立主格结构 独立主格结构的特点: 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同, 它独立存在; 独立主格结构中作逻辑主语的名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主动或被动关系; 独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开。独立主格结构的构成:,名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词; 名词/代词+形容词; 名词/代词+副词; 名词/代词+不定式; 名词/代词+介词短语; with/without+名词/代词+宾语补足语。,The test finished(=When the test was finished), we began our holiday. 考试结束了, 我们开始放假。 The president assassinated(=After the president was assassinated), the whole country was in deep sorrow. 总统被刺杀了, 全国上下沉浸在深深的悲痛之中。 Weather permitting(=If weather permits), we are going to visit you tomorrow. 如果天气允许, 我们明天去看你。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2014·天津高考)Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only (find)it didnt fit. 解题关键: 根据句中的Anxiously, she took the dress out of. . . (她迫不及待地从拿出裙子)和it didnt fit(它不合身)可知是出现了意料之外的结果, 故用only to do。only to do/only to be done表示意料之外的结果。 答案判定: 句意: 她迫不及待地从包裹里拿出裙子, 试穿了一下, 结果发现它不合身。故填to find。,【高考集训】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2014·福建高考)_(spend)the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 2. (2014·湖南高考)_(free)ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness. 3. (2014·天津高考)Clearly and thoughtfully _ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.,Having spent,To free,written,4. (2014·四川高考)I hope to take the computer course. Good idea. _(find)out more about it, visit this website. 5. (2014·重庆高考)Group activities will be organized after class _ (help)children develop team spirit. 6. (2012·四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _(find)his plane high up in the sky.,To find,to help,to find,考点2 非谓语动词作定语 ,The boy(sitting by the window)is Tom. The matter(being discussed now)is of great importance. The boy(named Tom)was hurt in the car accident. Everything(to be done)is well-prepared.,【点津】准确判定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系; 准确判定非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间, 即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。,【典题印证】用所给词的适当形式填空 (2014·山东高考)Theres a note pinned to the door (say)when the shop will open again. 解题关键: 首先分析句子结构可知There be句型中有谓语动词is, 然后根据语意可知要用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰note。从逻辑关系上看, note与say之间是主动关系, 用现在分词结构作后置定语。另外, 题干中的过去分词短语pinned to the door也作note的后置定语。 答案判定: 句意: 门上钉着一个便条, 上面写着这家商店何时将再开张。所以填saying。,【高考集训】 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. (2014·北京高考)There are still many problems _(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 2. (2014·大纲版全国卷)Today there are more airplanes _ (carry)more people than ever before in the skies.,to be solved,carrying,3. (2014·浙江高考)Annie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _ (appoint)to guard her. 4. (2014·北京高考)Last night, there were millions of people _ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 5. (2014·重庆高考)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras _ (return)to our shop for quality problems.,appointed,watching,returned,6. (2013·辽宁高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail _ (wait)for her. 7. (2013·天津高考)In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words _ (use)in daily conversations. 8. (2013·陕西高考)The witnesses _ (question)by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.,waiting,used,questioned,考点3 非谓语动词作补语 1. “五看二听一感觉”的感官动词(see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel)等后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do表主动和完成(被动句中to还原), doing表主动或正在进行, done表被动或完成。 The missing boy was last seen playing near the river. 2. 热点动词let, make, have, get, leave, keep, find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。 Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. He always works hard.,3. 固定短语, 如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb. to do sth. 等。 The patient was warned not to eat oily food.,4. with复合结构常用形式:,John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time. With the little boy leading the way, we had no di
