地方政府政策执行中利益冲突和调适
摘要利益是社会生活的基础，是社会生活中唯一的、普遍起作用的社会发展动力和社会矛盾根源，一切错综复杂的社会现象都可以从利益得到解释。而公共政策的执行作为政府运用公共权力对有限的社会资源进行权威性分配的过程,其中利益的重要性是不言而喻的。随着经济的飞速发展和政府的深入改革，公共政策涉及的利益关系日趋复杂，政府在国家前进历程中的地位和权威逐步受到多元利益主体的挑战。由于政策执行中存在的利益冲突没能得到妥善解决，导致各利益主体零和博弈、公共政策执行偏差、政府行为失范而形象受损。如果不能对社会各方利益主体需求进行因势利导，将会进一步激化已有利益冲突由量变转化为质变，最终出现政府生存危机。所以中国政府应致力于形成科学的制度安排，兼顾各方面的正当利益要求，构成合理的利益分配格局，完善广大社会成员得以可持续发展的利益保障机制。本文首先从概念入手，阐明利益、利益冲突的含义，并理清政策执行与利益、利益冲突间的关系。将政策执行置于纵向历史和横向空间的立体框架内进行多维度审视，按照研究过去和现状，面向未来的思路，综合运用政治学、社会学、政策学和管理学等多门学科的研究成果来论证支持本文观点。本文立足于利益是人类行为动力的基本点，对比中国新旧利益格局的不同，结合其他国家政府协调社会利益关系的经验教训，分析中国政策执行过程中利益冲突的表现、特征及其影响，并根据利益关系在公共政策执行过程中的运行机理，提出利益整合和矛盾化解的途径。关键词：利益；利益冲突；地方政府；政策执行IAbstractBenefit is the social life basis,is social development driving force and socialcontradictions origin unique , playing role commonly in the social life,all sinuoussocial phenomena can be explanated from benefit. Common policy implementation isthe government applies common authority to carry out the process that authorityassigns on limited social resources , benefit among them significance is comprehendedwithout being told.With economy's develop at full speed and government's thorough reform, theinterest relation that common policy relates to is getting a complicacy with everypassing day , the government accepts the challenge come from multivariant benefitbody step by step in position and authority in country developed course. Benefitconflict existing policy carries outcan not in middle appropriate solve, have led toevery benefit zero composes in reply game between the main body, common policyimplementations deviation imitates low , government behavior loses standard andsincere message sharp descend. If respectively square benefit of society the main bodyneeds the guidance not being in progress, change to being able to become acute furtheralready having benefit to conflict from quantitative change into the qualitative change,Ultimately, the government survival crisis appears. Therefore the Chinese governmentshould concentrate efforts on the system forming science's arrange for, giveconsideration to every aspect just demand, compose rational benefit assigning a pattern,the benefit perfecting the extensive member of society managing to may continuedeveloping ensures mechanism.The main body of a book start with the concept first, import expounding benefit ,benefit conflicting, And, clear policy of reason carries out the relation among benefitconflicting withbenefit. The degree carrying out many dimensions within the bodyframe policy is carried out being put in direction history and transverse direction spaceis scanned, compose in reply current situation , be geared to the needs of future train ofthought according to studying over, wield much door discipline research result such aspolitical science , sociology , political science , study of policy and Principles ofManagement synthetically, do the viewpoint expounding and proving support mainbody of a book. The basic keeping a foothold being that the human behaviour isdynamic in benefit counts the main body of a book, contrast new old Chinese pattern ofinterests diversity, have summed up the experience and lessons that countryIIcoordination society benefit concerns other, the performance characteristic analysingChinese policy implementation process middle benefit conflicting and their effect. Andcarry out operation mechanism in process according to interest relation in commonpolicy, have suggested that benefit integrates the approach resolving withcontradiction.Key words: Benefit; Benefit conflicts; Local government; Policy executionIII湘潭大学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名：日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：导师签名：日期：日期：年年月月日日第一章引言1.1 选题的背景和意义1.1.1 选题的背景选题来源：湖南省社科基金项目地方政府政策执行力研究（编号:05YB43）中国历届政府都为国家福祉、人民利益的谋求作出了无尽的探索和努力，开创了一片国泰民安、欣欣向荣的既和平又繁昌的景象。但光环的背后也无可避免的存在着一些不容忽视的政策失败现象，环境污染、矿难屡发、官民冲突等等都是执行政策的政府有法不依、执法不严使利益的流向不合理而带来的苦果。这些社会现实严重影响了政府形象，给政府带来了诚信危机。也就是说，经过近三十年的改革发展，处于社会转型期的中国面临着前所未有的全新考验：随着经济的飞速发展和政府的深入改革，公共政策涉及的利益关系日趋复杂，政府在国家前进历程中的地位和权威逐步受到多元利益主体的挑战。由于政策执行中存在的利益冲突没能得到妥善解决，导致了各利益主体零和博弈、公共政策执行低效、政
