电气工程及其自动化专业英语 华臻专业英语.6

Specialized English for Electrical Engineering and Automation,Chapter 6 Electrical Machines,6.1 Generators 6.2 Electric Motors 6.3 Synchronous Machines Next-Generation Motor Control,Content,Electric generators are engines that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction.,Words and Expressions 1,generator,发电机、发生器,短语词组： direct current generator 直流发电机 alternating-current generator 交流发电机 self-excited generator 自励发电机 turbine generator 涡轮发电机 hydroelectric generator 水力发电机 program generator 程序生成器 timing generator 定时脉冲发生器,Electric motor is a motor that converts electricity to mechanical work .,Words and Expressions 2,motor,电动机,短语词组： dc motor 直流电动机 ac motor 交流电动机 shunt-wound motor 并绕电动机 series-wound motor 串绕电动机 synchronous motor 同步电动机 induction motor 感应电动机,the lines of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle,Words and Expressions 3,magnetic field,磁场,magnetic flux 磁通量,Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction,法拉第电磁感应定律,相近用法： Newtons third law 牛顿第三定律,Words and Expressions 4,coil n. 圈，线圈 v.盘绕，卷成圈 反义词： uncoil v. 解开 ，展开 shaft （旋转/传动）轴 electromotive force 电动势 electromagnet 电磁体；电磁 winding 线圈，绕组 field winding 励磁绕组 armature winding 电枢绕组,Words and Expressions 5,stator 定子 rotor 转子 armature 电枢，转子 torque 转矩 reluctance 磁阻 ferromagnetic materials 铁磁物质,prime mover 原动机 housing 机壳 commutator 换向器，整流子 slip ring 滑环，端环，集电环 bus bar 母线 centrifugal force 离心力,Words and Expressions 6,Words and Expressions 7,energize v.使活跃，激励，励磁 negative energize 负激励 positive energize 正激励 excitation n.刺激，激发，励磁 excitation current 励磁电流 excitation curve 激发励磁曲线 excitation flux 励磁通量 exciter 励磁机,Words and Expressions 8,brush 电刷 permanent magnets 永磁体 magneto 磁发电机 pole 磁极；电极,Sentences 1,1 Electric generators are devices that convert energy from a mechanical form to an electrical form , this process known as electromechanical energy conversion, involves magnetic fields that act as an intermediate medium.,发电机是将机械能转换为电能的装置，转换过程称为机电能量转换，在转换过程中磁场起到中间介质的作用。,Sentences 2,2. The input to the machine can be derived from a number of energy sources. For example, in the generation of large-scale electric power, coal can produce steam that drives the shaft of the machine.,电机的输入源自多种不同的能源。例如，在大型电力生产中，煤就可以产生驱动电机传动轴的蒸汽。,Sentences 3,3. Most large generators have the armature windings fixed in the stationary portion of the machine (called the stator), and the necessary relative motion is caused by rotating the magnetic field, as shown in Figure 6-1b.,大部分大型发电的电枢绕组固定在电机上的固定部件（称之为定子）上，其必要的相对运动是由旋转磁场产生的，如图6-1(b)所示。,Sentences 4,4 Ideally, the flux would vary sinusoidally as suggested in Figure 6-3a. From Faraday's law, whenever a winding links a time-varying amount of magnetic flux , there will be a voltage e (electromotive force) created across the winding:,Sentences 5,5. An alternating-current generator is a rotating machine for converting mechanical energy into alternating-current electric power. As in the case of a dc generator, the rotating part of the machine is driven by a source of rotating power external to the machine itself.,交流发电机是一个将机械能转变为交流电能的旋转机器。就直流发电机而言，通过电机外部的旋转力驱动电机旋转部件。,Sentences 6,6 Basically, the alternator operates on the principle of generator action-voltage is set up in coils of wire when they are moved in a magnetic field in such a way as to cut the magnetic lines of force.,总的来说，交流发电机运转的工作原理是发电机感应产生电动势，感应电动势是以绕组在磁场中切割磁力线的方式产生的。,Sentences 7,7 When the electro-magnetic field is placed on the rotor, as in most commercial alternators, the direct current necessary to energize the field must be conducted to and from the rotor by the use of slip rings.,像大多数的商业交流发电机一样，当转子置于电磁场中，必须通过集电环将激励磁场必须的直流电导入导出转子。,Sentences 8,8 In dc generators, the conductors are wound into coils and mounted in slots on the armature or rotating element within the units housing. The ends of each coil of conductors are brought out to one end of the armature where they are connected to individual insulated bars in an assembly of such bars, which is mounted around the armature shaft. This assembly is called the “commutator”, which is required to provide direct-current output from the generator.,直流电机里，导体绕成线圈，嵌入机座内位于电枢上的凹槽内。线圈的末端引出与电枢上的某个相互绝缘的触片相连，相互绝缘的触片构成的装置绕装在电枢轴上。这个装置就叫做换向器，它从发电机中导出直流电。,Sentences 9,9. In these cases, the general arrangement of pole pieces and windings is the same as described in the previous case, but the field coils are connected to the brushes which pick up the output voltage of the armature, instead of being connected to an external source of direct current.,在这些例子中，磁极片和绕组的一般布置形式和先前的例子描述的是一样的，但是励磁线圈连接在汇集电枢输出电压的电枢上，而不是连接在外部直流电流源上。,