哈佛格式paper范文：Study on how to deal with cross-cultural manag
摆渡论文网（www.baydue.com）-专业留学生作业辅导中心哈佛格式paper范文：Study on how to deal with cross-cultural managIntroduction引言随着全球化时代的到来，越来越多不同文化背景的人参与国际商务活动，如何开展跨文化管理，协调和解决不同文化之间的矛盾和冲突，已成为国际商务活动的关键因素之一。（Men和Tsai，2012年）。本研究以霍夫斯泰德模式、霍尔模式等跨文化管理理论与模式为基础，以中美文化为研究对象，探讨如何在国际商务活动中进行跨文化管理。研究结果为跨国公司实施跨文化管理提供了有价值的参考。With the advent of the era of globalization,more and more people with different cultural backgrounds participate in international business activities,how to carry out cross-cultural management to coordinate and resolve contradictions and conflicts between different cultures has become one of the key factors in international business activities(Men and Tsai,2012).In this study,it is based on cross-cultural management theories and models such as Hofstede model and Hall model,taking Chinese and American cultures as the research objects to discuss on how to conduct cross-cultural management in international business activities.Results of this study provide valuable reference for multinational companies in implementation of cross-cultural management.2.0 Literature review文献综述2.1 Culture文化2.1.1 The definition of culture文化的定义Herskovits（1955）将文化定义为一群人的共同价值体系。Hofstede（1980）认为文化是人的心理活动，他指出文化影响着人们关注的东西、如何行动以及如何判断他人和事物。Trompenaars（1993）认为，文化是一个群体解决问题和缓解困境的方式和手段，而不仅仅是一套价值体系。Herskovits(1955)defines culture as a shared value system of a group of people.Hofstede(1980)believes that culture is the mental programs of people,and he points out that culture affects what people pay attention to,how to act and how to judge others and things.Trompenaars(1993)thinks that culture is ways and means that a group uses in solving problem and alleviating plight,rather than just a set of value system.2.1.2 Function of culture in a society文化在社会中的作用文化在社会中的作用主要体现在以下三个方面。Function of culture in society is mainly reflected in the following three aspects.2.1.2.1 Integrating集成文化是一个社会群体中不同成员之间交流的中介，如果他们能够分享文化，那么他们就能够有效地交流，消除障碍，促进合作（Lee，Kim and Park，2015）。Culture is the intermediary for communication between different members of a social group,if they are able to share the culture,then they will be able to communicate effectively to eliminate barriers and facilitate cooperation(Lee,Kim and Park,2015).2.1.2.2 Guiding and maintaining orderThe formation and establishment of a culture means that certain values and norms of behavior have been recognized and complied with,this also means the formation of some kind of order(Ladhari,Souiden and Choi,2015).2.1.2.3 InheritingFrom generation standpoint,if the next generation agrees with and shares culture of the previous generation,then the culture will have the function inheritance(Ladhari,Souiden and Choi,2015).2.1.3 Hofstede modelHofstede(1980)figures that culture is a psychological process jointly possessed by many people with the same education and life experiences.There are differences between this process of different groups,different regions,countries.Such cultural differences can be divided into five dimensions:power distance,uncertainty avoidance index,individualism versus collectivism,masculine versus feminality,long-term and short-term orientation.Hofstede model confirms the existence of significant differences between cultures of different nations,and these differences is rooted in people's minds and it is difficult to be changed easily.摆渡论文网（BayDue）为留学生提供高效、优质的essay写作服务
