专四近义词辨析精华版

近义词辨析 1.abide, adhere, conform, comply这四个考试中的高频考词都有“遵守”的意思，但是它们的搭配不同。abide v.后接by表示“遵守，同意”。I will abide by the director' decision.我将遵从主任的决定。adhere v.后接to表示“遵守”。(当然adhere一词的其它意思如“坚持；粘附”也经常被考到。)Car drivers must adhere to the rules of driving.汽车司机必须遵守驾驶规则。conform v.后接to表示“遵守，符合”。All individuals are required to conform to the laws made by their governments.每个人都应该遵守政府制订的法律。comply v.后接with表示“遵守，服从”，用于正式的场合。Our company complies with governmental regulations on paying taxes.我们公司遵守政府有关纳税的规定。 2.abnormal, uncommon, disordered这三个单词都有“反常的”之意，在考研和CET-6当中经常让考生们辨析它们的细微差别。abnormal a.不正常的，反常的(但并非罕见)，指行为或现象(如气候)的异常。His body temperature has been abnormal for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5 degree centigrade.他的体温三天来一直都不正常，最高的时候达到40.5摄氏度。(尽管身体发烧不正常，但生活中也时有发生。)uncommon a.罕见的，不平常的，指很少经历或很少见到的状况；特别的，出色的。Hurricanes are uncommon in England.飓风在英国非常罕见。That is uncommon instant coffee; it tastes great!那速溶咖啡质量上乘，味道好极了！disordered a.混乱的，杂乱的；(精神或身体)有病的。We couldn't understand her disordered presentation.我们听不明白她条理不清的陈述。 3.abolish, cancel, eliminate, dispose, erase, exclude, extinguish这一组动词都有“取消，除掉”的意思。abolish v.指对法律、习俗、制度的废除；完全破坏。The government abolished the tax on alcohol.政府取消了酒税。cancel v.对预先安排的某种活动(如旅行、计划、会议等)的取消；删去(字、句)。The meeting has been cancelled because of the flu.会议由于流感而取消了。eliminate v.指消除、淘汰已经存在但是现在不需要的东西。The losing team was eliminated from further competition.失利的那个队被淘汰了，不能参加下一阶段的比赛。The doctor helped him eliminate toxins from the intestine.医生帮助他排出肠中毒素。dispose v.处理，处置；表示“除掉、扔掉”时常与of连用。(这一点需要注意。)After your picnic, please dispose of the litter.野餐后请清除掉垃圾。erase v.除去，擦掉，指有意识地除去字迹、声音等。I erased the music on the tape before recording on the tape again.我在往磁带上录音之前先消掉了上面的音乐。exclude v.排斥；排除，不包括在内，与include互为反义词。The restaurant excludes anyone who is not properly dressed from entering.衣冠不整者不得进入该餐馆。extinguish v.熄灭，扑灭(火)；使沉默，使暗淡。Firefighters extinguished a big fire.消防队员扑灭了大火。 4.abstract, digest, outline, summary这一组名词都有“要点，摘要”的意思。abstract n.概要，摘要，尤其指对学术论文或法律论据作的简述。I have read the abstract of his book.我已经读了他的书的概要。digest n. (篇幅较长的)摘要，文摘，它是对原文的浓缩而不是对原文的简单解释，浓缩后仍保持原文的顺序、重点和风格。Reader's Digest读者文摘outline n.要点，大纲，概要。She made an outline of ideas she wanted to present in her talk.她把自己要谈的想法列了一个提纲。summary n.总结，摘要，指用寥寥数语概括文章或者讲话的要点，不考虑原文的风格。 5.absurd, ridiculous, silly这一组形容词都有“愚蠢，可笑”的意思。absurd a.荒谬的，可笑的，指因不符合常识、违反真理或不合逻辑而令人发笑。There was an absurd idea that the earth was flat and motionless.过去曾经有一种荒谬的观点认为地球呈扁平状而且静止不动。ridiculous a.荒唐可笑的，指因为愚昧无知而令人发笑并成为笑柄，含有蔑视成分。It is ridiculous to judge a foreign culture only by its food.仅仅根据一个国家的饮食来评价该国家的文化是荒唐可笑的。silly a.愚蠢的，傻的，指由于单纯或者头脑简单而显得愚蠢。a silly little boy傻小子 6.abundant, plentiful这两个形容词都有“充足的”之意。abundant a. (数量)充足的，常用于人、物产、资源、雨量等，含有“过多”之意。Oil is in abundant supply in this country.这个国家石油供应十分充裕。plentiful a.丰富的，充足的，常用于食物、收获、财产等，不能用于时间、空间、思想等方面。Eggs are plentiful at this moment.现在鸡蛋很多。7.accent, tone, dialect这三个名词意思相近，容易混淆。accent n.口音，指某一地区语言的发音特征；重音。He speaks English with a Spanish accent.他讲英语带有西班牙口音。tone n.语气，音调，指说话人的口气或声音的高低、轻重等。He speaks to his baby in soft tones.他用柔和的语调和他的婴儿说话。dialect n.方言，土语，地方话，指一个地区人们所使用的语言。the Yorkshire dialect约克郡方言 the Sichuan dialect四川方言8.access, assess这两个词为一组“形近易混词”。access n.接近，进入。The people living in these apartments have free access to that swimming pool.住在这些公寓里的人可以免费地进入游泳池。assess v.评估(财产，价值)。I assessed how much it would cost to build a new apartment.我评估了一下建一套新的公寓要多少钱。9.accommodate, afford, furnish这一组动词都有“提供”的意思。accommodate v.提供住宿、房间；适应，迎合，迁就。This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这家饭店可供500位来宾住宿。The company accommodated the customer's wish and sent the delivery overnight.公司满足了顾客的愿望，连夜将货物发了出去。afford v.负担，支付；当“提供”讲时，多用于指抽象事物的提供。We can't afford that expensive sports car.我们买不起那辆昂贵的跑车。The tall building affords a beautiful view of the ocean.从这幢高楼上可以看到大海的美丽景致。furnish v.指提供生活或某种用途所需要的东西。Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.阅读虽然为我们的思想提供了各种知识，然而只有思考才能将我们读到的内容变成自己的东西。10.accomplishment, attainment, achievement这三个名词都有“成就”的意思。accomplishment n.成功，成就；才艺，修养。Climbing that high mountain was an accomplishment for the hikers.对于登山运动员来说，爬上了那座山就是成功。Being able to paint well is just one of her accomplishments.画画得好只是她的许多才能之一。attainment n.指学识和造诣(常用作复数)；达到，到达。a scholar of the highest attainments造诣极高的学者achievement n.可指抽象的“成就”，或具体的“成绩”，与accomplishment是同义词。11.accuse, charge两个动词都有“控诉，指控”之意，但它们后面所搭配的介词不同。accuse v.指控，控诉，与介词of连用。The police accused him of theft.警察指控他犯有盗窃罪。charge v.可以指因为小错而受的责备，也指因违法而受到控告，与介词with连用。The police charged him with murder.警察指控他犯了谋杀罪。12.acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve, secure  这一组动词都有"获得，取得"的意思，在考研和CET-6当中屡次出现它们之间的辨析。acquire v.多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于对财物等的获得，该词强调"一经获得就会长期持有"的含义。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual  ways of reacting to situations.正是通过学