英语词汇学练习--2012年11月12日

+英语词汇学练习姓名： 学号： 班级： 一、Fill the blanks with the proper words. 1、 the branch of linguistics that studies the stock of words (the lexicon) in a given language. 2、Naturally, lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course concerning with the basic theories of words in general and     in particular, but also a practical one dealing with copious stocks of words and idioms, a great many usage examples. such as ； ； ； ； ； 3、 is a subject studying the meaning of language. 4、 is the study of origins and history of the form and meaning of words-how the small, Germanic vocabulary has grown into a huge modern English vocabulary and explain the changes have taken place in the forms and meanings of words.  5、 is a branch of grammar which studies the structure or forms of words, primarily through the use of morpheme     construct-how morphemes are combined to form words and words to form sentences.6、Words can be classified into the basic word stock and nonbasic word stock by , into content words and functional words by and into native words and borrowed words by .  7、A is an abstract unit of morphological analysis in linguistics, that roughly corresponds to a set of forms taken by a single word. 8、Any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance is called . 9、 (also known as denotative meaning) is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning. It forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same conceptual meaning to all the speakers of the same language. 10、 refers to the meaning embodied by different word orders, sentence structures, stresses and emphases.二、Define the following terms. 1、Lexicology2、Content words 3、Collocative meaning 4、Homonyms 5、prefixation 6、suffixation三、Answer the following question.1、How do you distinguish compounds from free phrases?2、What is the difference between lexical meaning and grammatical meaning? Answers:一、 Fill the blanks with the proper words. 1、Lexicology2、morphology, semantics, etymology, stylistics； lexicography 3、Semantics4、Etymology5、Morphology6、use frequence；notion；origin 7、 lexeme8、morph 9、Conceptual meaning 10、Thematic meaning 二、Define the following terms. 1、Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words, aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. Naturally, lexicology is a theoretically-oriented course concerning with the basic theories of words in general and     in particular, but also a practical one dealing with copious stocks of words and idioms, a great many usage examples. such as morphology, semantics, etymology(词源学;词源说明 ), stylistics(文体论 ). 2、Content words(实义词 ) are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states and have independent lexical meanings. They are nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, numerals and interjection. 3、Collocative meaning consists of the associations a word acquires in its collocation. In other words, it is that part of the word meaning suggested by the words before or after the word in discussion. 4、Homonyms are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling. 5、Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning. However, there is an insignificant number of class-changing prefixes. Eg: Non-class-changing prefixes: natural-unnatural, like-dislike, fair-unfair Class-changing prefixes: force-enforce, danger-endanger, form-deform, little-belittle, war-postwar, college-intercollege 6、Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems. Unlike prefixes which primarily change the meaning of the stem, suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems. In other words, they mainly change the word class. However, they may also add attached meaning to the stem.三、Answer the following question.1、Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects.Phonetic features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally stressed if there is only one stress.Semantic features. Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word.Grammatical features. A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence.2、Lexical meaning(词汇意义) is the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. This component of meaning is identical in all the forms of the word.E.g. go, goes, went, gone, going pos