英语2017年语法填空说题
高考英语语法填空说题稿 英语组 高一 段春容1.命题立意 2.本题涵盖的主要考点及对应的考纲要求3.指导学生解答及教师分析讲解 4.试题变式及扩展 5. 试题的价值 6.反思及感悟我选择的是2017全国卷第二部分语言知识运用第二节 语法填空。一、命题立意 1.命题原则上：“突出语篇，强调应用，注重交际” 这是一篇说明文。主要讲述地铁最初在伦敦的修建以及工程师对修建地铁技术的改进。文章长度为192词。跟2016年文章长度比较贴近。近三年的语法填空文章体裁都是说明文。就2014年出现了一次记叙文，词数220.本篇文章在命题上具有现代气息，地铁在现代社会特别是大城市里起着重要的公共交通的作用，它遵循了原汁原味，贴近时代，贴近生活的原则。命题符合考试说明中对语言知识与语言运用能力的考核目标与要求：即要求考生了解和掌握课程标准附录中所列出的各项内容，包括语法项目、功能意念项目、话题项目和词汇。 2.意图上：本题具有较适当的难度和必要的区分度。考查考生在一定的语言环境中综合运用语言知识的能力。包括： 1) 词语辨析能力 2) 语法结构分析能力 3) 语篇理解能力 4) 逻辑推理能力 5) 文化背景透析能力 6)生活常识综合运用能力 二、本题涵盖的主要考点及对应的考纲要求考点一 词性转换 该考点应该是综合考纲中对名词、动词、形容词的考查。，1. 动词转名词 第69题 2. 形容词转副词 第66题3. 名词转形容词 第70题考点二 动词 语法项目中要求学生掌握动词的基本形式、时态、语态以及非谓语形式。 1. 时态 第68题2. 语态 第65题3. 非谓语动词 第63题考点三 介词 语法项目中第四条，介词和介词短语 第62题考点四 冠词 语法项目中第8条冠词 第64题考点五 代词 语法项目中关于代词的考查 第67题考点六 名词 语法项目第一条，要求学生掌握可数名词及其单复数第61题 三、指导学生解答及教师分析讲解解题主要分三步：第一步 速读全文，掌握大意。速读全文要一气呵成，尽管有空格、生词或不明白的地方，仍要快速读下去。读时要注意句子的基本结构，如who, when, where, what,how,why即何人何时何地做了什么如何做的，为什么要这样作。并 划出某些代表时态的词，如一般过去式的-ed形式，一般将来时的will/shall等等，以便于形成思路。 第二步 分析句子结构，确定词性。主谓宾定状补表。缺啥补啥，再看语态，是被动呢还是主动，人称，单数还是复数，时态要参考文章上下文时态和就近的时间状语提示。第三步 检查搭配，前后连贯 把填好的短文通读一遍，进行核查同时注意以下三点： 1上下文的一致性：即时态语态的一致；代词、名词、单复数的一致。 2从语法和惯用法及习惯搭配、甚至语感入手，看是否符合上下文的逻辑。 3段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。 这样检查比较重要，常能纠正一两处甚至多处错误。同时对极难确定的答案，也要凭语感任猜一个，不能留空白。 具体分析讲解： In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ word. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.解析： 61 考查可数名词单复数， 第一步需要确定提示词crowd的词性，具有动词和名词两个词性，根据在句子中的位置判断，应该是作及物动词avoid的宾语，且由terrible修饰， 前没有冠词，而且它是可数名词，故填crowds62 无提示词，考查介词的搭配，and 连接并列形式，可以确定此空应该填介词， to and from 意思为来来回回，填from 63 考查动词的非谓语形式， 提示词作include 的宾语，与digging,building并列，由 and 连接的三个动词-ing 形式， 填 laying 64考查名词，over 与top之间，且不是固定搭配（固定介宾结构是用零冠词如：by bus） 需要用冠词，故填the.65考查被动语态，由and 连接两个并列句，要使and 前成句子，use需要充当谓语动词，再看时态，通篇为过去，且steam engines 承受use 的动作，故用一般过去时的被动语态，根据主语为复数形式，确定be 动词为were, 故填were used.66考查形容词与副词之间的转换，一般变为形容词的比较级或最高级或副词形式，根据句法，本空修饰unpleasant，所以需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词，故填fairly.67考查代词用法，空前为及物动词use，空后是时间状语，所以此空应充当宾语，指人或物，and 前一句的叙述主体是railway, 用it指代第三人称单数，故填it.68考查动词充当谓语形式，提示词manage 所在句子没有谓语动词，因此需要提示词充当谓语动词，是句子完整，考虑engineers是动作的发出者，及本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed.69考查动词的词性转换，空格前是定冠词the,且总体充当with的宾语，需变为名词，故填名词introduction.70考查名词的词性变化，空格前是标志词the most,因此跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful.四、试题变式及扩展 变式一： 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。1. It allowed people _(avoid) terrible crowds on the roads above. 2. It was built using an _(interest) method. 3. Steam engines _(use) to pull the carriages. 4. It must have been _(fair) unpleasant for the passagers. 5. However the railway was a success and many people were using _(its)every day.目的：通过这样的练习促进学生对词性转换、句子成分以及语态的分析和判断。变式二： 请用方框中单词的适当形式补全文章。from， lay, crowd, the, use, fair, it, manage, success, , howeverIn 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _1_ on the roads above as they travelled to and _2_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _3_ the track and then building a strong roof over_4_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _5_ to pull the carriages and it must have been_6_unpleasant for the passsengers, with all the smoke and noise. _7_ the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_8_ every day.Later, engineers _9_ to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the introduction of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _10_of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, a
