留学生Essay写作—建构外国新闻媒体利益

http:/www.hotessay.net/ 留学生论文专业定制代写网站留学生Essay写作建构外国新闻:媒体利益建构外国新闻:媒体兴趣与动机。分析了10年来美国和英国报纸对委内瑞拉的社论。1)INTRODUCTIONMedia organizations are essential in international affairs in terms of their important role in providing information to the public.3The question has often been whether the Media frames news in the context of the national interest of the host country,for example.Whether they reflect official position without challenging them or rather influence national interest objectives by putting pressure on politicians.The Medias interest and other motivating factors are essential for understanding how editorials for instance are framed.Lacking in the study of Media framing is the application to bilateral relations.This study would attempt to add that dimension to the numerous researches on the Media in international affairs.It would analyze editorials by four prominent newspapers in the United States and the United Kingdom on issues concerning Venezuela.The aim is to find the likely motivating factors when it comes to framing news on foreign countriesFor many countries the media represents an important window to the international world.Patched knowledge on foreign issues would be close to a reality without a source of information about what happens elsewhere in the world,made available by the media.In democratic countries in particular,the reliance on the media for foreign news might be as important as the quest for local news.Images of foreign countries,issues and happenings in a particular country abroad are likely to be influenced by the media to a much larger scale when impressions are created of a healthy or strained bi-lateral relations,for instance.Due to factors such ascultural assumptionsandpolitical beliefs,it is believed that news carves out images and impressions of the world some of which are preferred over other images.4The media,both electronic and print are a major component of the democratic processes in several countries.The media has often been referred to,in many countries,as an important branch of the government with roles from functioning asthe main political informant'7There has been several publications on issues of Media and Government relations by several authors.For instance,in the scope of international relations and communications,there have been books published on the issue of how the media works in or out of line with foreign policy or the national interest.The debate has been whether or not the media is likely to support the national interest of the country in which it operates in relation to other countries(as the theory of Manufacturing Consent depicts)9. Either option makes foreign events relevant to the media.On the whole the media is believed toreflect social consensus.15There may be variations in the nature of the Media depending on the region or country of operation.A media in a democratic country may be freer than those in a non-democratic country so news coverage,media culture and ethics could vary.In this study,a section of the Media in two democratic countries would be analyzed in terms of their positions on issues in a third country(Venezuela).What would be of interest to this study,as mention earlier,would be the factors that would be most highlighted in the accounts of these editorials.It may bring about issues of objectivity and latent Media interests or the interests of the consumers of the news content.In the US for example,the Media is often said todomesticate foreign news.The themes represented in news in the US are those which often have some relevance to American interests.17Thus,how the media frames news is largely important for understanding the positions they yield to and their response to certain foreign events.In issues of national interest and in relation to bilateral relations,it would be important to know how the media in different countries frame news on events in countries abroad.2)LITERATURE REVIEWNEWS FRAMINGEntman,(1993)suggests that the concept of framing could be studied as a feature of a political discourse or as an instrument applied by the Media in making news.19And by extension,Media analysis or news analysis would deserve a look at the concept of news framing.Framing is,the process by which a communication source constructs and defines a social or political issue for its audienceâ?.23Framing theory is also applicable to Media analysis.Media frames as explained by Entman(1991:7),areattributes of news itself.24In a broad sense,frames are regarded aspersistent patterns of cognition, interpretation,and presentation,and as selection,emphasis,and exclusion, by which symbol handlers routinely organize discourse,whether verbal or visual.â?.27Tuchman showed how framing as aprocess theoryworks.And that the routine proceduresused by newsmakers,direct news frames in a particular way.She argues that these procedurescontinually help showcase certain