英语词语常用的词根及词缀汇总

.常用词性后缀名词后缀-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor-acy, 表示/性质，状态，境遇/ democracy, accuracy, diplomacy-ance, -ence表示/性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度/ importance, diligence, difference, obedience-ancy, -ency, 表示/性质，状态，行为，过程/ frequency, urgency, efficiency-dom, 表示/等级，领域，状态/ freedom, kingdom, wisdom-hood, 表示/资格，身份，年纪，状态/ childhood, manhood, falsehood-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示/行为的过程，结果，状况/ action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction-ism, 表示/制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为/ socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism-ity, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ purity, reality, ability, calamity-ment, 表示/行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果 treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument-ness, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness-ship, 表示/情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业/ hardship, membership, friendship-th, 表示/动作，性质，过程，状态/ depth, wealth, truth, length, growth-tude, 表示/性质，状态，程度/ latitude, altitude(海拔)-ure, 表示/行为，结果/ exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)“学术”-grapy, 表示/学，写法/ biography, calligraphy, geography-ic, ics, 表示/学法/ logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics-ology, 表示/学论/biology, zoology, technology(工艺学)-nomy, 表示/学术/ astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)形容词后缀“属性，倾向，相关”-able, -ible, visible, flexible-ent,-ant violent-al-ar-ary-ac,ical-ingN-ish foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)-ive active, sensitive, productive-ory“想像，类似”-ish-ly-like-ly manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly-some-y“充分”-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various-ent, violent“方向”-ern, eastern.western-ward, downward“倍数”-ble,double, treble-ple, triple-fold, twofold, tenfold-most, foremost, topmost-less, 表示否定 countless, stainless, wireless-ior interior动词后缀-ize, ise, 表示/做成，变成，化/ modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize-en, 表示/使成为，引起，使有/ quicken, weaken, soften, harden-fy, 表示/使化，使成/ beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify-ish, 表示/使，令/ finish, abolish, diminish, establish-ate(-adj), 表示/成为，处理，作用/ separate, operate, indicate 副词后缀(adj)-ly：badbadly坏地,恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地-wise(OE)：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地); likelikewise同样地-wards/ward：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地 inward 内心的纯否定 no- non- in- /im /il /ir dis- un- neg- 错误，坏等否定 mal- miss-相反，对立 anti-/ant contra-/contro-/counter ob-/ab- 共同，相等 co-/con-/com-/col/cor- sy-/syn-/syl-/sym- equa-/equi-方向，到达 ad ac ab af ag al ap ar as at附近，周围 by- para-小Mini- , micro ., -ette(cigarette, cassette) -et ,(wallet, ballet, pocke,ticket)大Macro, magn- mega- grand- maj-/ max-/ may-以前，前面Ante- /anti- (anticipant, antique, antecedents, ancient ,)fore- for- pro- pre- 之后，后面After- ex- back- post- 超过， 上Super/sup- over- up extra-下Sub- under- vice- down-外面Out- ex-/ec-/ ef/ es-内Interr- in- /il-/ im- /ir-具有多种词性的英语后缀  具有名词与形容词两种词性的后缀： -al形容词：personal, parental, natural名词：refusal, proposal, approval, denial, survival, trial -tive形容词：active, passive, positive, negative名词：detective, representative代表、代表的, relative亲戚, 相关的例句：Success is a relative term, it brings so many relatives. -by Bernard Shaw -ant形容词：ignorant, assistant, attendant服务员buoyant-buoy（浮标，救生圈) + ant-有浮力的, 轻快的    buoy-bu(来源于bubble气泡，拟声词)+oy(小东西)                                         boy小男孩名词：examinant主考官, applicant申请者, servant, participant -ent形容词：existent, dependent, emergent名词： resident, patient, solvent溶剂, detergent洗洁精，去污剂 -ic形容词：periodic, cubic, magnetic磁性的, electronic名词：critic评论者、批评家, mechanic技工、机械师, logic逻辑, rhetoric 修辞学 -ine形容词：feminine女性的、阴柔的, nervine神经的, reverine河流的名词：heroine，doctrine教义，routine程序、常规, concubine妾、姘妇     Concubine-con+ cub(cube立方，cubby小房间) + ine -ar形容词：familiar, similar, linear线性的, peculiar奇特的名词：scholar学者, liar说谎者, peddler小贩子, burglar夜贼hamburger到KFC偷汉堡的人 -ory/-ary形容词：advisory忠告的, contradictory矛盾的, imaginary, elementary名词：inventory库存目录（invent找到，发明库存目录就是让你找到需要的存货）dormitory-dorm+ itory-睡觉的地方词根dormant休眠的，休眠火山dormant volcano, 潜伏期dormant period；domicile住宅，住所；dormitive 安眠药 -atory 场所Observatory 天文台Laboratory 实验室Lavatory 盥洗室  lav-流动  lava 岩浆   lavish a. 非常丰富的，浪费的 v. lavish on浪费dictionary, piscary=fishery捕鱼场 p-f互换 -ile形容词agile -ag(act) + ile-可以动的-引申为灵活的ductile-duct引导+ ile易延展的introduce介绍，引入。conduct完全引导1）指导，管理；2）行为fertile 肥沃的辨析：conference, reference, deference, inferencejuvenile -juven(junior)+ ile 年轻的fragile-frag(fracture) +ile-易碎的flexile-flex(flic折叠)-可弯曲的，引申为可变通的servile-奴性的 名词Missile-miss发送+ ile物体-导弹Textile-text（编织）+ile-纺织品Context-把文字编织在一起-上下文语境Pretext(笔)-提前编织好-借口=excuse(口)AutomobileDomicile-dom(dormitory)-住宅，住所  同时具有形容词与动词含义的后缀-ish1）具有.性质的（通常为贬义）bookish书呆子气的辨析：childish, childly, childlike          manish, manly, manlike2）稍微的coldish, yel