巧学活记虚拟语气 高中英语学习阶段教学论文
巧学活记虚拟语气 (中学英语教学论文)在高中英语学习阶段，学生普遍感觉虚拟语气的用法太复杂。笔者也在教学实践中发现，很多学生一碰到虚拟语气的题目，就不知所措。特别是在2003年国家教育部制定的普通高中英语课程标准（实验）中，明确将虚拟语气作为学生必须掌握的语法项目，列为八级要求。这更加突出了虚拟语气在高中英语教学中的重要性，因此学生必须要很好掌握。但实际情况是：经过了教师讲解，学生操练后，学生还是不能系统掌握。甚至有部分学生到了高三，还不能在头脑里形成有关虚拟语气的清晰概念。为此，笔者尝试运用简单的数字联系来帮助学生记忆，通过巧学活记来学习虚拟语气。经过半年多的实践，取得了良好的效果。 为了帮助学生从整体上理解，笔者把整个虚拟语气的用法归为3类：条件虚拟语气；含有should的虚拟语气；需向前推一个时态的虚拟语气。 第一、条件虚拟语气 条件虚拟语气是最常用的虚拟语气，在历年高考中也经常出现。学生需要掌握基本的三种条件虚拟语气条件句：对现在表示虚拟；对过去表示虚拟；对将来表示虚拟。 条件从句 结果主句 与现在事实相反 If I (we,you,he,they)+did/were I(we,you,he,they)would/should +do 与过去事实相反 If I (we,you,he,they)+had done/been I(we,you,he,they)would/should +have done 与将来事实相反 +did/were If I (we,you,he,they) +were to do +should do I(we,you,he,they)would/should +do （节选自曲一线2008B版5年高考3年模拟（英语）P92） 例如：If I were you, I would refuse the money. I would have dropped by if we had time. If you came/were to come/should come tomorrow, I would give the book to you. 当然，除了基本用法外，学生还需注意以下2点： 1、 if 省略句 在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变为倒装句式。例如： If I were you, I would take his advice. Were I you, I would take his advice. If he had been in your position, hed probably have done the same. Had he been in your position, youd probably have done the same. 2、 错综虚拟语气（混合虚拟语气） 当条件句是表示对过去的虚拟，而主句表示对现在的虚拟，则用错综虚拟语气（混合虚拟语气）。例如： If you had followed your advice, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student. 第二、含有should的虚拟语气 含有should的虚拟语气，可分为2类：用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中；用于其它名词性从句中（包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）。 1、表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，可以归纳为“一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(advise, suggest, propose)，四要求(demand, desire, require, request)”。例如： He suggested that we (should)start off early the next day. They insisted that the boy (should)go with them.2、用于名词性从句中，可以归纳为：Its necessary/important/strange/natural/essential that +从句，或者在suggestion, proposal, order, idea, advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语动词“should”可以省略。例如： Its strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that. My idea is that we should think it over before accepting it. We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sightseeing. 第三、需要向前推一个时态的虚拟语气 需要向前推一个时态的虚拟语气可分为5类：I wish+从句, Its time+从句，Id rather+从句, 主句+as if+从句, If only+从句。例如： I wish I were a bird. Its time we left. Id rather you came tomorrow. He behaved as if nothing had happened. If only I had followed your advice. 第四、含有特殊介连词的含蓄虚拟语气(otherwise, but for, without ) 有时条件从句不表示出来，只是暗含在上下文中，这叫含蓄条件句。例如： But for the rain, we would have finished the task. Without your help, we wouldnt have finished the job. 最后，我们可以记住虚拟语气的基本用法口诀：“3种用法要牢记-条件从句有3种从句（现在过去将来）和错综与倒装；should有4种动词（一坚持二命令三建议四要求）和名从；推前时态有5种（wish,time,would rather,as if还有if only）；最后勿忘还有特殊介连词如otherwise, but for, without等。 口诀巧学巧记-虚拟语气口诀巧学巧记-虚拟语气(特殊情况)一、虚拟主从,宾从表语从,should之后加原形。省去should用原形，换成would行不通。口诀巧学巧记-虚拟语气(特殊情况)一、虚拟主从,宾从表语从,should之后加原形。省去should用原形，换成would行不通。1.主从：It is necessary(important, natural strange better)that. It is suggested(requested, proposed desired)that It is a pity(a shame)that 1) It is necessary that he _ in time to attend the meeting.A. come B. came C. would come D. need come译文：他及时来参加会议很重要。 2) I is a pity that he here.(他不在这儿,真令人遗憾。)A. not be B. be C. would be D. should not 3)Its strange that theynothing about this matter. A. know B. would know C. knows D. knew2.宾从: 一坚二令三要求,切望三建议用虚拟。 should原形或原形，换成would行不通。 insist, order, command, demand, require request desire suggest propose move.(disco考试最为常见。d- demand, i-insist, s-suggest, c-command, o-order)1) He insisted that we all _ in his office at one o'clock.A. be B. to be C. would be D. shall be译文：他坚持我们应该在一点钟的时候到他的办公室。2) He insisted that he _ our car.A. should steal B. would steal C. hadn't stolen D. steal译文：他坚持说他没有偷我们的车。(注:主句主语与宾从主语是同一人时不用虚拟) 3) The general ordered that the thief. A. be punished B. would punish C. would be punished D. should punish
