辽宁省本溪一中2018-2019学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷（附解析）

2018-2019学年辽宁省本溪一中高一（上）期末英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共10小题，共20.0分）ANext time you raise an eyebrow at the views of your partner, friend, sibling （兄弟姐妹） or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.Scientific consensus suggests that intelligence is controlled by genes, with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a partial role up to this age. After this point, IQ scores become steady（稳定的）. But James Flynn, professor of political studies and psychology at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can "upgrade" their own intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation（刺激）from others is important as the "brain seems to be rather like a muscle - the more you use it, the stronger it gets". However, the opposite is also true - so people sharing a home or workplace with those who are intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels nosedive as a result.Professor Flynn analyzed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ "age tables". He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equally bright brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.Professor Flynn also concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means that people can raise their IQ, or allow it to fall, by ten points or more. He suggested the best way to improve IQ levels is to mix with bright friends, find an intellectually challenging job and marry someone cleverer.1. According to the text, it is commonly believed that _ .A. people' s IQ level falls as they ageB. it is wise to share family members' viewsC. people cannot improve their intelligence during adulthoodD. doing something challenging is good for one's intelligence2. The underlined word "nosedive" in paragraph 2 probably means _ .A. vary B. developC. change D. fall3. Which of the following can help improve one's intelligence according to Professor Flynn？ _A. Making many friends.B. Staying with smart people.C. Doing exercise every day.D. Learning from brothers or sisters4. The purpose of the text is to _ .A. inform B. advertiseC. entertain D. persuade【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究表明和聪明的人一起玩，你也会聪明。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段第二句"New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18"可知新的研究表明，智力不是固定不变的，但可以通过家庭成员、聪明的伴侣和具有智力挑战性的职业在整个成年期得到提高这项研究挑战了人们普遍认为的智力在18岁左右就固定不变的信念。由此可见，人们普遍认为人们在成年期不能提高智力，故选 C。【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词所在句子 "However， the opposite is also true - so people who share a home or workplace with the intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels nosedive as a result"句意：然而，相反的情况也是如此-因此，那些与智力受到挑战的人共用一个家或一个工作场所的人，会冒着看到自己的智商水平大幅下降的风险。和智商低的人在一起，智商也会下降。故"nosedive"指的是"下降"，故选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句"He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialize with bright friends， and find an intellectually challenging job"可知"他建议提高智商的最好方法是与聪明的朋友交往，找到一份智力上具有挑战性的工作"，由此可见，Professor Flynn认为和聪明的人待在一起可以提高智商，故选B。【4题详解】写作意图题。根据文章第一段第二句的主题句"New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members， bright mates and intellectually challenging careers "可知"新的研究表明，智力不是固定不变的，但可以通过家庭成员、聪明的伴侣和具有智力挑战性的职业在整个成年期得到提高"由此可见，课文的目的是告知一项研究成果，故选A。BHow Important Is Fashion？ Is looking fashionable more important than being comfortable？ Many people seem to think so， judging by the things they wear But fashion is not everything It is more important to be a healthy and good personPeople go to great lengths to be fashionable Some people think they have to have a certain body type， so they go on extreme， unhealthy diets in order to change their bodies In addition， many women wear uncomfortable fashions， such as high-heeled shoes that create blisters（水泡）， tight body shapers that limit blood flow， and sticky false eyelashes Men and women alike spend time and money on products that change their natural hair color and use hot irons and blow dryers to curl or straighten their hair Some people spend several hours a day in front of a mirror Is fashion important enough to spend so much time and effort on changing how you look like？If the purpose of fashion is to make a person feel good， it does not make sense that he or she would go through so much discomfo