中考英语语法精讲： 复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)

专题十三 复合句 (宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句),中考英语语法精讲,专题十三 复合句,宾语从句,1宾语从句的引导词及语序 (1)that 引导的宾语从句。若是that引导陈述句作宾语，that本身没有意义，可以省略。如： The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。 (2)以whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述语序。if/ whether二者均可表示“是否”，但与or连用分别引导两个分句，或用于不定式前、介词后或直接与 or not 连用时，只能用whether。如：,I don't know whether he will come or not. 我不知道他是否来。 It depends on whether the letter arrives in time. 这取决于信是否来得及时。 (3)以连接代词which, what, who等或连接副词how, where, why, when等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句，从句改用陈述语序。如： Please tell me which you like. 请告诉我你喜欢哪一个。 May I ask who you will invite to give a talk? 我可以问你要邀请谁来做报告吗？,专题十三 复合句,2宾语从句的时态 宾语从句中讲究时态呼应。即当主句谓语动词是现在时时，从句使用相对应的现在时；当主句谓语动词是过去时时，从句要用相对应的过去时；当从句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，从句时态不受主句时态的限制，仍然用一般现在时。如： He told me that he would leave for London. 他告诉我他要去伦敦。 Our teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 我们老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。,专题十三 复合句,3宾语从句与否定转移 动词think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 等后面的宾语从句的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如： I don't think that he is honest. 我认为他是不诚实的。 4宾语从句与简单句的转换 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词to do”结构的简单句。如： I don't know what I should say. I don't know what to say. 我不知道说什么。,专题十三 复合句,状语从句,1各类状语从句及其引导词如下表所示：,专题十三 复合句,2. 在时间和条件状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”的原则。即：主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。如： I'll call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就给你打电话。 If you have time, I'll ask you some questions. 如果你有时间，我将问你几个问题。 3if/ when同时引导宾语从句和状语从句。如： I don't know if he will come. If he comes, I will tell him the truth. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，我将告诉他事实。,专题十三 复合句,I don't know when he will come tomorrow. When he comes，I will tell him the truth. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他事实。 4because与so, although/though与but不能同时用在一个主从复合句中。如： Though/Although they were very tired, they kept working. 尽管他们很累，但仍然继续工作。,专题十三 复合句,定语从句,1关于定语从句的概念 (1)定语从句就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。 (2)先行词就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 (3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2引导定语从句的关系词： 关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that; 关系副词有when, where, why。 3关系代词的基本用法,专题十三 复合句,4.关系副词的基本用法 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因。如：This is the place where we spent our holidays last year.这就是我们去年度假的地方。 I'll never forget the day when I graduated from college.我将永远忘不了我大学毕业的那一天。,专题十三 复合句,I don't know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday. 我不知道他昨天没有出席会议的原因。 5只能用that引导的定语从句 (1)当先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, any, anything, everything, nothing, none或先行词被all, little, few, much, any, every, no等修饰时。如： I have nothing that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。 (2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级以及the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。如：,专题十三 复合句,This is the very pen that I am looking for. 这正是我找的钢笔。 (3)先行词既包括人又包括物时。如： The professor and his achievement that I heard about are admired by them.我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到了他们的赞美。 (4)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为了避免重复，多用that引导。如： Who is the man that is talking to Mr White? 在和怀特先生交谈的那个人是谁？,专题十三 复合句,中考透视,( )1. Could you tell me_？ Yes, you can go there by bus. Ahow can I get to the Miao King City Bwhere is the Miao King City Chow I can get to the Miao King City Dwhere the Miao King City is,C 考查宾语从句用陈述句语序。根据答句“是的，你可以乘坐公共汽车去那里。”可知问句应该是“你能告诉我如何到达那里吗？”故选C。,专题十三 复合句,( )2. Have you ever seen the movie 2017? Yes, but I don't believe _ the year 2017 will see the end of the world. Athat Bwhat Chow Dif,A 此题考查that引导的陈述句作宾语从句。,专题十三 复合句,( )3. If our government _ attention to controlling food safety now, our health _in danger. Awon't pay; is Bdoesn't pay; is Cwon't pay; will be Ddoesn't pay; will be,D if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则。,专题十三 复合句,( )4. Zhang Lili is considered as the most beautiful teacher _ gave her love to her students in danger. Awho Bthat Cwhom Dwhich,B 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用关系代词that。,专题十三 复合句,( )5. People often like clothes _ can make them look young. A. when Bwho Cthat,C 先行词为物时可用关系代词that或which。,专题十三 复合句,( )6. What a new computer! Can you tell me _？ Just the day before yesterday. Ahow much you paid for it Bhow much did you pay for it Cwhen you bought it Dwhen did you buy it,C 此题考查宾语从句。答语“the day before yesterday”表示时间，故引导宾语从句的特殊疑问词应选用when, 从句需用陈述句语序。故选C。,专题十三 复合句,( )7. There will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week. Awho Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich,D 此题考查定语从句的引导词。先行词为物时，应选用关系代词which或that。,专题十三 复合句,