人教版八年级上册英语语法---形容词、副词的比较级和最高级学案(1)

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级形容词、副词的比较等级 形容词、副词有三个等级，分别为原级、比较级、最高级。1.形容词、副词比较等级的构成。（1）形容词、副词比较等级的规则变化如下表： 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般在词尾加-er或-estlongtall longertaller longest tallest以字母-e结尾的词，加-r或-stlargenice larger nicer largest nicest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，先变y为i，再加-er或-estbusyheavyfunnyearly busier heavier funnier earlier busiest heaviest funniest earliest重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母结尾时，先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-estbighotfat bigger hotter fatter biggest hottest fattest多音节和部分双音节词在原级前加more或mostusefulbeautifulquicklyslowly more usefulmore beautifulmore quicklymore slowlymost usefulmost beautifulmost quicklymost slowly （2）形容词、副词比较等级的不规则变化： 原级 比较级 最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstlittlelessleastmany/muchmoremostfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest 2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法。原级的用法 只能修饰原级的词：very，quite，so，too，rather。 asas和一样（中间用原级） 否定形式：not as/soas和不一样 如：This room is not so/as big as that one.比较级的用法 可以修饰比较级的词：much，a lot，far，a little，a bit，even，still，pretty。 如：Im much/ a little / a lot / a bit /far more outgoing than my sister.     Im even worse now.  比较级常用于“比较级+than”结构，表示“两者比较，一方超过另一方”。 eg：Im taller than you. 选择疑问句中，二选一时  eg：Who do you think is more outgoing，Lily or Lucy？ l用比较级表示最高级的意思eg：He is taller than any other student in his class. = He is the tallest student in his class. “比较级+and +比较级”表示“变得越来越”（多音节或部分双音节用more and more+原级） eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.    Youre getting more and more beautiful.  “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，就越” eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.   比较级中出现of the two/ twins结构时，比较级前要+the，也不可用than eg：Tom is the taller of the two brothers.  为避免重复，在than后常用one，that，those，及所有格等来替代前面提到过的名词。eg：The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan.  My bike is newer than Toms.      The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.      不能与人或事物自身相比较eg：He is taller than any other student in his class.     China is larger than any country in Africa.  比大/多/长/宽几倍，用“主语+be+times+比较级+than+比较对象” eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours. l  重几斤，高几公分，大几岁，用“主语+be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象” eg: Im six years older than you.最高级的用法用于三者或三者以上的比较   eg: Which do you like best, Chinese, Math or English？ 形容词最高级前一定要加the，副词最高级前可省略the有范围（in，of，among或从句等）修饰的用最高级 eg: Winter is the coldest season of the year.“one of the+形容词最高级+n.复数”表示“最之一” eg：Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century. “the +序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在范围内是第几” eg：Hainan is the second largest island in China.  形容词和副词最高级的其它表达方式当堂巩固一、单项选择1) -Which is _ season in Beijing? -I think it's autumn. A. good B. better C. best D. the best2) It is _ today than yesterday. Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A. the hottest B. hot C. hottest D. hotter3) Jim is running _ Bruce. They're neck and neck. A. faster than B. as fast as C. as faster as D. more slowly than4) -Is the physics problem _? -Yes, I can work it out _. A. easy；easily B. easy；easy C. easily；easy D. easily；easily5) Her mother was out. She stayed at home_, but she didn't feel _. A. alone；lonely B. lonely；alone 6) What a _ cough! You seem _ill. A. terrible；terribly B. terribly；terrible C. terrible；terrible D. terribly；terribly7) The car is running _. It seems to be flying. A. more and faster B. more and fast C. fast and fast D. faster and faster8) She was very happy. She ran _ of all the runners. A. fastest B. less quickly C. slowest D. quickly9) What was the weather like yesterday?It was very bad. It rained _ people could _ go out. A. hard；hard B. hardly；hard C. hardly；hardly D. hard；hardly10) The bread is _ than these cakes A. very delicious B. much delicious C. more delicious D. as delicious11) Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far12) When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _. A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiest13) In our city its _ in July, but it is even _ in August A. hotter；hottest B. hot；hot C. hotter；hot D. hot；hotter14) Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in china. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 15) An elephant is _ than a tiger . A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavier16) A