中考英语语法精讲： 动词的时态与语态
专题九 动词的时态与语态,中考英语语法精讲,专题九 动词的时态与语态,动词的时态,初中阶段应掌握的时态共有八种，即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过去完成时。 以do为例，常用的八种时态的构成及常与之连用的时间状语如下表所示：,专题九 动词的时态与语态,在常用的八种时态中，中考热点问题透析如下：,1条件状语从语：在when, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示一般将来时。如： I'll go to see him when I have time. 我有时间的话， 就去看他。 If he calls, tell him I'll ring back. 如果他来电话，告诉他我将给他回电话 2非延续性动词come, go, leave, start, finish等的进行时常表达将来之意。如： I am leaving for Japan tomorrow. 明天我要去日本。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,3“be going to动词原形”也可表示将来时。如： Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain. 看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。 4在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间状语，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如： I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had，而不用bought) 5在由if引导的条件状语从句中，如果主句用过去将来时态，if从句需用一般过去时代替过去将来时。如：,专题九 动词的时态与语态,Amy said that she would go shopping if it didn't rain the next day. 艾米说如果明天不下雨，她就去购物。 6have been to 和have gone to的区别 两者后均可接地点，前者表示“去过某地”，通常可与表示次数的状语连用；后者表示“到某地去了”，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。如： He has gone to Paris. 他去巴黎了。 He has been to Paris three times. 他去过巴黎三次。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,动词的语态,语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。 常用的五种被动语态结构及示例如下表所示：,专题九 动词的时态与语态,专题九 动词的时态与语态,谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况,1表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语：happen, last, take place, break out, come out，come true, run out, give out等以主动形式表示被动意义。如： The meeting took place in a beautiful city. 会议在一个美丽的城市举行。 A fire broke out during the night. 夜间发生了火灾。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,2一些特殊动词：英语中有很多动词，如 break, catch, clean, drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。且该用法通常与well, easily, slowly, quickly等副词连用。如： This kind of computers sells well. 这种电脑很畅销。 3感官动词：系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受的感官动词，如 feel, sound, taste, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。如： Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,提醒在使役动词have, make, get, let以及感官动词see, find, watch, notice, hear, feel等后面不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时要加to。如： Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 被动语态为： A stranger was seen to walk into the building.,专题九 动词的时态与语态,中考透视,( )1. Tom, along with his friends, _ Beijing tomorrow. Aare leaving for Bleave for Cleaves to Dis leaving for,D 此题考查leave 的进行时态表将来时。along with 是介词，不能并列作主语，句子的主语仍为Tom, 故答案为D。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )2. She _ this book for nearly three weeks. Ahas borrowed Bhas lent Chas bought Dhas kept,D 在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。borrow，lend, buy均为非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用。故选D。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )3. Hello, may I speak to Mr Smith? Sorry, he isn't in. He _the office. Ahas been to Bhas gone to Chas been away Dhas been in,B has/ have gone to表示“到某地去了”，强调说话的当时去某地的人不在场。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )4. Don't hurry. He _here as soon as the meeting is over. Acomes Bwill come Cwill get to Dgets,B 在as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )5. Sanya is a beautiful city. I _ there twice. Ahave gone Bhave been Chave gone to Dhave been to,B has/ have been to表示“去过某地”，通常可与表示次数的状语连用。there为副词，故要省略to。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )6. The cakes in the restaurant _， so they _ well. Aare tasted better; are sold Bare tasted well; sell Ctaste terrible; are sold Dtaste nice; sell,D taste 是系动词，所以不用被动语态；sell与well连用时，用主动形式表示被动意义。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )7. In the past the children were made _15 hours a day. Ato lock Bwork Cto work Dlock,C 在使役动词have, make, get, let后面作宾语补足语的不定式在主动结构中要省略to，但变为被动结构时要加to。,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )8. In July, 2012, the 30th Olympic Games_ in London. Awill be held Bbe held Cis held Dwas held ( )9. Shanghai is really a modern city now! Many tall buildings _ everywhere. Acan be seen Bcan see Cshould be seen Dshould see,A,A,专题九 动词的时态与语态,( )10. Every year, more than 70,000,000 sharks _ for their fins. Awere killed Bhave killed Care killed Dwill killed,C,专题九 动词的时态与语态,
