2019版二轮复习英语练酷版练习：专题一 习题讲评 课八 word版含解析
词义猜测题增分点(一)“根据上下文语境”猜测典例(2018·全国卷阅读C节选).Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.29. Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?AComplex.BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.解析选C根据选段第二句“In recent centuries, trade .dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.”可知，近几个世纪以来，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班牙语和汉语等语言取代，这就暗示出这些语言是“占主导地位的”。由此推知dominant languages意为：占主导地位的语言。故选C。干扰项分析complex复杂的；advanced高级的，先进的；modern现代的。这三项不能说明这几种语言占主导地位的根本原因。增分技巧利用上下文语境猜词义在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总要通过上下文和其他单词有着紧密的联系(如定义、重述、举例、近义词和反义词等)，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词的意思。有时作者在阐述某人、某物或某一现象的特点时，先是一般地或概括性地说一下，然后再作具体的说明或解释；或者反过来，先作具体的阐述，然后再进行归纳、总结。如果读者能抓住作者的思路就能从那些具体说明、解释或归纳中找出猜词的线索来。做词义猜测题，要学会“顺藤摸瓜”和“上下取证”，即利用上下文提供的情景和线索，结合我们的生活常识和社会经验进行符合逻辑的综合分析，并依此来推测词义，切忌脱离上下文盲目猜测。训练目标(一) 对点练攻克失分短板A(2018·全国卷阅读D节选)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.32What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?AThe more, the better.BEnough is enough.CMore money, more worries.DEarn more and spend more.解析：选A根据选段第三句可知，作者不认同前面的more is more这种观点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解到处堆满物品是什么感受，可是当涉及孩子和他们的物品时，为什么我们总是认为(孩子)拥有的东西越多越好呢？more is more是相对于enough is enough而言的，故选A项。B(2018·浙江高考阅读B节选).Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台)The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.25What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?ABans on plastic bags.BEffects of city development.CHeadaches caused by garbage.DPlastic bags hung in trees.解析：选A根据画线单词所在句“看到这种逆风，塑料袋制造商雇用了一些像Stein一样的科学家来说明他们的产品并没有像大多数人认为的那样对地球有害”，再联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in .”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。C(2016·全国卷阅读C节选)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time.29Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?Aprovider Bdelivery manCcollector Dmedical doctor解析：选B根据画线单词后的“Ive done 89 trips . to carry stem cells (干细胞)”以及“.from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours .”可知，“我”是一个运送干细胞的人，运送有严格的时间限制，故B项“送货员”与之相符合。D(2016·北京高考阅读D节选).For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.68The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means .AchangeBchoiceCtext Dextension解析：选A此题考查passage的熟词新义。根据画线部分后面的内容“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility”可知，此处指从受到家庭的庇护到拥有自主性和担负起成年人的责任，这是大学阶段的一种“转变”。训练目标(二) 综合练提高解题速度(加的题目可根据上下文语境解题)AIn my first college poetry class we were supposed to write poems.My efforts satisfied neither me nor the professor.I recall one poem about the rushing sounds of cars in rain.After the last term, I picked up my work at the professors office and asked, my knees shaking, “Do I have any talent？” Id earned a B even though I did every task and missed no classes.He was a kind person.“Probably not，” he said softly, looking down.“Thank you.” I said, and walked back to my dorm.I felt like
