【精选】站璐老师托福综合写作讲义(一)
智课网 TOEFL备考资料站璐老师托福综合写作讲义（一）摘要： 托福写作包含综合写作和独立写作两种，本文来简单为大家介绍下托福综合写作的相关内容，在接下来的托福考试过程中，我们会陆续为大家介绍更多有关托福综合写作的相关内容，希望对你的托福写作会有一定的帮助。综合写作是新 托福 有别于旧托福的新题型，虽然大家都觉得他的听力，阅读都不是很难，考试也很模式化，模版的威力巨大，但是满分真的就那么容易吗?如何备考该部分，综合写作主要考查3个能力: take-note，summarize，paraphrase。练习时要有重点，有目的。所以特将此讲义(大家平时可能不是很重视的讲义)分享给大家，该讲义全面，系统的为大家分析了综合写作，并将OG上的精华部分提炼出来，并教大家如何写出自己的模版。望大家仔细拜读，一举攻下综合写作。(注: 此讲义不包括如何take-note)正文:Integrated Writing 的基本类型转折关系Lecture驳斥ReadingLecture 提出 Reading未提及的不良方面或问题 延续关系Lecture支持ReadingLecture解释Reading 的原因和结果延续+ 转折Integrated Writing 的评分标准The specific ideas, explanations, and arguments in the lecture that oppose or support points in the reading. -Points in the listeningA clear coherent structure that enables the reader to understand what points in the lecture relate to what points in the reading. -Structure of your responseCoherent and accurate presentations of each point you make-language you use should accurately reflect ideas in the lecture and the reading. -Grammar and vocabularyWhat is the Key Points?In ReadingMain idea - 核心态度Explanation information - 主要理由阅读的文章看出基本结构和主要支持信息In Listeningmain idea - 核心态度 explanation information - 主要理由supporting examples - 细节例子听力材料听得越多越好Practice: OG-250Key points in Reading:Team: certain projectAdvantages of team workA wider range of knowledge, expertise, skills-work more quicklyCreative solutions-spread the responsibilityRewarding for team membersFeel better about the work decided by themselvesMember to shine-results are far reachingKey Points in Listening:Some didnt contribute + Some who worked well and provide insight can not be recognized-members shineContributors feel bad-feel betterProjects didnt move quickly (agreements)-work quickly because resourcesInfluencers have too much influence (Never work-drop / creative-accepted) -not includedproject failed, blame all-spread responsibility Practice: OG-282Key points in Reading:Altruism-gain nothingHumans: sharing food, donate organs, little rewardsAnimals: MeerkatA sentinel alarm / alerting othersGain nothing-without food while others eatDanger-flee aloneKey Points in Listening:Meercateat before stand guard-gain nothing, without foodlikely to escape, near burrow, but others danger-danger/ flee alonealarm (cause others to move-draw attention)-alerting othersHuman appreciation, self-worth (non-material rewards)-little rewards from donating organsPractice: Delta-378Key points in Reading:Irrigationsources / many forms and typesSurface irrigation Flooding field-widely used (low cost and tradition)Furrow irrigation-U / VSurface-pipe irrigationBorder irrigationBasin irrigationKey Points in Listening:Agriculture is in high use of water by irrigation. Afterwards can not be used for other purposes. -not includedSome irrigation more efficiently. Surface method no efficient. -not includedA lot of water to flood the field-not includedWater in ponds evaporate /down to ground-not includedBetter ones: sprinkler system/ drip oneeven distribution-However, also surface irrigation-evaporate -not included以上就是托福综合写作讲义的部分内容，完整版内容我们在解析来的 托福考试 中还会陆续为大家介绍，希望对大家的托福综合写作会有一定的帮助，如果大家在即将到来的托福考试中还存在一定的帮助，最后祝愿大家在即将到来的托福考试中能够取得优异的成绩。
