课时讲练通2018-2019学年高中英语module1europeperiod3grammar语法专题课+精讲优练课型课件外研版必修

Module 1 Europe Grammar,一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态及主谓一致 【新知导引】 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子 1. Paris _(visit) by more than eight million tourists every year. 2. The Church of the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona _ (design) by an architect called Antonio Gaudi. 3. Many of Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures _ _ (produce) by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo.,is visited,was designed,were,produced,4. Buildings such as the Parthenon on the Acropolis Hill _ (build) 2, 400 years ago. 5. The Valencia soccer team _(play) in a large stadium. 6. Coffee with sugar _(be) always my favorite drink. 7. Not only I but also David and Iris _(be) fond of playing basketball. 8. Neither you nor I，nor anybody else _(be) content to live in such a lonely village.,were built,plays,is,are,is,【知识详解】 一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 1. 构成： 一般现在时被动语态的构成是：am/is/aredone，一般过去时被动语态的构成是：was/weredone。 *My computer is repaired every few months. 我的电脑每隔几个月修理一次。 *My computer was repaired by the storekeeper yesterday. 昨天我的电脑被店主修理过了。,2. 主动语态变被动语态应注意： (1)有些动词, 如feel，hear，watch，notice，make，have，let等，在主动语态中接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。 *The teacher made me go out of the classroom. I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher). 老师让我从教室里出去。,(2)动词短语，如look after，take care of等用于被动语态中时，要保留介词或副词。 *The little patients are looked after quite well in hospital. 小病号们在医院里受到很好的照顾。,3. 下列情况不用被动语态: (1)有些动词或动词短语没有被动语态，如belong to, break out, happen, take place, last, fail, cost等。 *The meeting only lasted for an hour. 会议只持续了一个小时。,(2)有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义以说明主语的性质，如clean, sell, look, lock, open, write, read, wash, feel等，此时多与副词easily/poorly/well等连用。 *This kind of cloth washes easily. 这种布很容易洗。,(3)表示感官的连系动词，如look, smell, taste, feel， sound等，不用被动语态，后常跟形容词作表语，表示主语的特征。 *What he said at the meeting sounded encouraging. 他在会上说的话听起来令人备受鼓舞。,【名师点津】 动词need，require，want，deserve等后跟-ing形式，表示被动意义。此时-ing形式相当于to be done。 *The door needs repairing. The door needs to be repaired. 这扇门需要修理。,【思维延伸】 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时的被动语态表示一般将来时的被动语态(例)；用一般过去时的被动语态表示过去将来时的被动语态(例)。 Listen to your friends problems and give advice when you are asked. He told me he wouldnt attend your birthday party unless he was invited.,【即学活用】 1. 同义句转换，每空一词 The teacher gave us some advice on how to improve our oral English. Some advice on how to improve our oral English _ _ to us by the teacher. Mom bought me an MP4 player last weekend. An MP4 player _ _ _ me by Mom last weekend. The boss made the little boy do heavy work. The little boy _ _ _ do heavy work by the boss.,was,given,was,bought,for,was,made,to,2. 用所给词的适当形式填空 The door wont _(close)，thats to say，the door needs _(repair). A fire _(break) out in the factory. More than 20 firefighters _(send) there to put out the fire. Unfortunately，one of the firefighters _(kill) by the fallen wall.,close,repairing/to be repaired,broke,were sent,was killed,二、主谓一致 在英语句子里，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。,1. 语法一致原则。 语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 (1)以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。 *Walking on the moon is very difficult. 在月球上行走是十分困难的。,*What the boy wanted were some books. 这个男孩想要的是几本书。(此句根据some books可知What the boy wanted是复数，所以谓语要用复数) (2)由连接词and或both. . . and. . . 连接起来的合成主语后面，一般要用复数形式的谓语动词。 *To say something and to do it are quite different things. 说和做是完全不同的事情。,(3)当主语后面跟有with, along with, together with, as well as, including, but, in addition to 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。 *Tom，together with Mary and Alice，is going to swim this afternoon. 汤姆今天下午要和玛丽及艾丽斯去游泳。 *No one but your parents was there then. 那时，除了你的父母，没有别人在那里。,(4)either，neither，each，every或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。 *Neither of us has gone through regular training. 我们两个都没受过正规的训练。 *Nobody wants to go there, do they? 没有人想去那里，是吧？,【名师点津】 (1)在口语中，当either或neither后跟有“of +复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词用单、复数都可以。 (2)若neither of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词要用单数。 *Either of you two has/have done very well. 你们两个做得都很好。 *Neither of his two plans seems/seem to have worked well. 他的两套计划效果似乎都不太好。,2. 意义一致原则。 意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致。 (1)集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据主语的意义来决定。谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调该集体。这些词有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience，government，group，team等。,*The football team is being rebuilt. 足球队正在重建。 *The football team are having baths and then they are coming here for tea. 足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们会到这里喝茶。,【名师点津】 集合名词people，police，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 *The police are looking into the accident. 警方正在调查这起事故。 sheep, means等名词作主语时，要根据具体情况来确定谓语动词的数。 *Every means has been tried. 一切方法都试过了。 *Lots of means have been worked out. 许多方法都想了出来。,trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，但如果这些词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 *My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜坏了。 *The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 床下的那双鞋是他的。,(2)当主语是“most/some/half/the rest/分数/百分数+of+名词”时，如果of后面的名词表示单数概念或为不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果of后面的名词表示复数概念，则谓语动词用复数形式。 *The rest of the apples are red. 剩余的苹果是红色的。 *Two-thirds of the meat has been