2018考研英语（一）真题及答案解析

2018 年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to (1) uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will (2) to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will (3).In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to (4) themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one (5), each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would (6) an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. (7) left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more jolts than the students who knew what would (8). Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, (9) the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to (10) is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives for (11) or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, aco-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinctit can (12)new scientific advances, for instancebut sometimes such (13) can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do _ (14) things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to (15), however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to (16) how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to (17) to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the (18) of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine (19) it is worth the endeavor. "Thinking about long-term (20) is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity," Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. AonBlikeCforDfrom2. AfaithBconcernCattentionDinterest3. AbenefitBdebtChopeDprice4. AThereforeBThenCInsteadDAgain5. AUntilBUnlessCAlthoughDWhen6. AselectsBproducesCappliesDmaintains7. AconsultBcompeteCconnectDcompare8. AatBbyCofDto9. AcontextBmoodCperiodDcircle10. AcounterpartsBsubstitutesCcolleaguesDsupporters11. AFunnyBLuckyCOddDIronic12. AmonitorBprotectCsurpriseDdelight13. AbetweenBwithinCtowardDover14. AtransferredBaddedCintroducedDentrusted15. AoutBbackCaroundDinside16. AdiscoveredBprovedCinsistedDremembered17. AbetrayedBwrongedCfooledDmocked18. AforcedBwillingChesitantDentitled19. AIn contrastBAs a resultCOn the wholeDFor instance20. AinflexibleBincapableCunreliableDunsuitable1.【答案】C【解析】该题选择的是介词，与后面的 many worthwhile things 一块做后置定语修饰前面的 condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。而 A 选项from（来自于），C 选项 like（像）D 选项 on（关于）均语义不搭。2.【答案】A【解析】此处考察语义一致和对上下文辨析的问题。该空是做 put 的宾语，通过 前面的 On the one hand, it's a necessary condition (1) many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. (一方面,信任对许多重要事情来说是必要条件，比如照 看孩子，友谊等)；on the other hand 可以得知该题仍然是在讲述关于主题 trust 的 问题，所以只有 faith（信任）最合适。而 B 选项 concern（关心，关注），C 选项 attention（注意），D 选项 interest（兴趣，利益）均不符题意。3.【答案】D【解析】此处考察词义辨析。前文说到 putting your in the wrong place often carries a high （把放在错误的地方通常会带来巨大的），可以知道 该空肯定也是填贬义，但肯定不能是 debt 债务这种具体含义，所以只能选 price， 并且 carries a high price 也指付出高昂的代价。4.【答案】B【解析】此题考察上下文逻辑关系。上一段分析的是信任的利弊，该段所指内容 , why do we trust at all? （我们为什么会要信任？）所以采用了递进关系， 进一步说明信任的具体内容。只有 D 选项 then(然后，那么)最符合语义搭配。而 A 选项 again（再次）表示强调；B 选项 instead（然而）表转折；而 C 选项 therefore（因此）表结果，均不符合。5. 【答案】D【解析】此处再一次考察逻辑关系。该空people place their trust in anindividual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin，a hormone（_人们信任一个人或者一个机构，大脑都会释放一种荷尔蒙）,只有 when（当时）符合 上下文语境和逻辑语境。6. 【答案】B【解析】该题是考察定语从句的动宾搭配问题。上一句说当人们产生信任感，大 脑就会产生一种荷尔蒙，a hormone that (6) pleasurable feelings 这个 that 就 是定语从句，指这种荷尔蒙能 令人愉悦的感觉，只能是 produce 最符合语 境。7.【答案】C【解析】考察词义辨析。该空所填为动词，并且要求与之后的 with 形成搭配。 and triggers the herding instruct that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans to with one another. 说明这种荷尔蒙能够引发一种群居本 能，这种本能能让羊群聚在一起，and 的后面的内容也与前面的 flock together 同 义复现。所以只有 connect 最符合语境。8. 【答案】D【解析】该题考察固定搭配。与 exposure to 构成固定搭配的关系。表示“接触”9. 【答案】B【解析】该题考察上下文语义。上文中说到这种荷尔蒙会给人带来一种愉悦的情 绪，通