主动语态和被动语态课件-(1)

What is the Passive Voice?,英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice),What is it?,A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。,Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students.(被动语态),When to use it?,（1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或 没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。,（2）当我们需要强调动作承受者，而不是 动作的执行者。,这本词典被保存完好(不需要说明是谁保存的) 。,这些书是在二十世纪二十年代发现的。 （强调书被发现而不是强调由谁发现）,The dictionary is well kept.,These book were found in the 1920s.,被动语态的用法:,A note was passed up to the speaker.,1.强调动作的承受者;,如,Table tennis is played all over China. English is spoken by many people.,2.不需要指出动作的执行者或动作的执行者难以说出或不必说出.,如，Another bridge has been built across the Changjiang River. The Party was founded on July 6,1924.,the Structure is,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词 (be+V.P.P),一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done,He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。,This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。,The broken bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。,The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。,2)被动语态的结构： 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。 如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood. He is asked a question by the teacher. I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.,在改写中应注意： 1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语; 2.把动词变成“be + 过去分词”; 3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,典型题例 例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。 We clean our classroom every day. Our classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,are were,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语.,by them.,Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,一般现在时的被动语态：,am/are/is + 过去分词,People play football all over the world. 2. Mr. Green teaches us this term.,Football all over the world .,We this term.,is played,by people,are taught (by Mr. Green),一般过去时的被动语态：,was/were + 过去分词,4. People built the Great Wall long ago. 5. Two years ago we used the machines to make shoes for children.,The Great Wall long ago.,Two years ago those machines shoes for children.,was built (by people),were used (by us) to make,一般将来时的被动语态：,will / be going to + be + 过去分词,6. We will write a diary next class. 7. Tom is going to hold a birthday party.,A diary next class.,A birthday party .,will be written (by us),is going to held by Tom,情态动词的被动语态：,must/have to/can等 + be + 过去分词,8. You must throw the broken pottery away at once. 9. We have to finish our homework on time.,The broken pottery at once.,Our homework .,must be thrown away (by you),has to be finished (by us) on time,He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,We call the snowman Mr Strong.,The snowman is called Mr Strong.,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.,4Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .,“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,3.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago.,We had received many letters by the end of last week.,Ma